Kurt Cobain :: essays research papers

Kurt CobainThe number one cause of death in teens is suicide? tone back to one of the most commonly known and most devistating suicides, of Kurt Cobain lead singer of the former band Nirvana. In his time of medication he had the manhood in his hands. He used personal turmoil as fuel for great music. Suprisingly, he seemed unusually tortured by success. The author of Come As You Are The Story of Nirvana said, "He was a very bright, sweet, generous, and caring person, perhaps a little too sweet and sensitive for the business he was in." One of Cobains biggest worries was that his band had sold out. In one line of a not-so-popular song he says, "Id rather be dead than be cool." It seemed like the erst unknown punkish Seattle band moved mainstream overnight. Nirvana caught on fast and changed rock and roll music forever. Nirvana, along with a few other Seattle bands, molded the music of the 90s, alternative. Where did it all start for Kurt? Kurt Donald Cobain was bor n February 20, 1967. He was a happy child living with his mother and father in Aberdeen, Washington. But the happiness, soon interrupted in 1975 when Kurts parents got divorced. Kurt was ashamed. He longed for the typical "Brady Bunch" family, but instead he lived in a trailor with his mother. In result of this Cobain became extremely anti-social, he had few friends, and was beat up alot. On his 14th birthday Kurt recieved his first guitar. He had been writing poetry since he was 13, so he started using his poetry to write songs. He was in several bands throughout highschool, some of them were named Fecal Matter, Skid Row, Brown Cow, The Sellouts, and Pencap Chew. Around the time of Kurts senoir year he formed Nirvana with high school friend, Krist (Chris) Novoselic. A few drummers of theirs fell through and then they found what kurt called "the worlds best drummer", Dave Grohl. His drumming style was exactly what nirvana needed. Two months before Kurts high school g raduation exercise he dropped out. This move made his mother angry so she kicked him out of the house. He lived with friends, and for a time he even lived under a keep going of the Wishkah River in Aberdeen. A few years later, in June of 89, Nirvanas first album was released, entitled Bleach. They did short US tours and European tours to promote their album with bands such as Pearl Jam and Red Hot Chili Peppers.

Effects Of Intolerance In Society Essay -- essays research papers

In society, many people tend to reject those who are different. In the novel To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper lee side presents a number of situations that reveal the effects of bigotry on other peoples lives. The characters in the novel who were treated with a lack of intolerance were Boo Radley, Atticus Finch and Tom Robinson. By observing the effects of intolerance on peoples lives, the children gain good-will, respect and understanding for its victims.The children gain sympathy for Boo Radley when they observe how others reject him. Ever since his teenage years, Boo had been a prisoner in his have got home because his father kept him locked up as a form of punishment. As a result of his isolationism, Boo gained the reputation of Maycombs mysterious man. Town folk have created rumours about Boo for a source of gossip. Miss Stephanie, known as the neighbourhood scold, told the children that Boo drove the scissors into his parents leg, pulled them out, wiped them on his pants, and resumed his activities (Lee 11). Jem Finch was another culprit who succeeded in spreading rumours about Boo Radley. The young and mischievous Jem told Dill that Boo dined on raw squirrels and any cats he could catch (13). It appeared that the townspeople were blinded by their own stupidity by harassing the helpless Boo Radley. Boo was never given a chance to prove his humanity to the town. Although they assisted in tormenting Boo at first, the children ended up feeling sympathetic toward him. ...

New Zealand Early Childhood Curriculum Essay -- Education, elementary

Fleer claims there argon many theoretical voices within Te Whriki, the New Zealand Early Childhood Curriculum document (Nuttall, 2003, p.254). However two ar predominant and stand symbiotically on the pages and in the intent of the curriculum. Bronfenbrenners ecological, systems theory, which emphasises how the quality and setting of the infants environment influences the pip-squeak (Ministry of Education, 1996 Paquette, & Ryan, 2001) and Vygotskys sociocultural theory, which describes learning as a social process originating in society or culture and passed through generations (UNESCO, 2004). Discussed within this essay exit be a review of these theoretical perspectives illustrating their explanations for how each influences the pip-squeak, how the child learns, how development is explained, and how these theories are reflected within Te Whriki. Bronfenbrenners ecological, systems theory describes how the child and their immediate surroundings are in an innermost layer surrou nded, embedded and influenced by layers from the larger environment all impacting upon the child (Ministry of Education, 1996 Paquette, & Ryan, 2001). Of particular interest are the effects to the child of two way relationships towards and away from the child, as defined by Bronfenbrenner as bi-directional influences, these are particularly influential in the childs inner layer. For instance the impact to the child of attentive or non-attentive parents affects how the child reacts to a given situation, which in turn affects how the parent behaves. Notwithstanding, the impact of bi-directional influences on the childs world continues into the outer layers, as in the example of a parents workplace demanding more input into the workplace, which means... ... social aspects have a huge influence on these surroundings. This is demonstrated when whnau are involved and supportive in a childs life, sharing the familys and their cultures funds of knowledge, resulting in the positive effect t o the childs environment which will have vast social and educational impacts by ensuring connections are make to childrens lives and experiences. Adding to this is the socio-cultural philosophy of peer tutoring and where knowledge is actively constructed through modelling and scaffolding, with teachers facilitating the learning process. While through the building of relationships between the family and the centre, Te Whriki advocates the importance of the inter-group communication of whnau and family, which encourages a learning community which has interchangeable reciprocal advantages in a safe, positive, fun, caring, learning environment.

Literature and the Middle Ages Essay -- Middle Age Literature

Literature and the set Ages The Renaissance invented the shopping centre Ages in order to define itself the Enlightenment perpetuated them in order to esteem itself and the Romantics revived them in order to escape from themselves. In their widest ramifications the Middle Ages thus constitute one of the most prevalent cultural myths of the modern world. -- Brian Stock, Listening for the Text. The Middle Ages is a time of hypothesis wherein one of the most hypothetical concepts is time. The present essay addresses time as a conceptual and historical problem, in literary, religious, and virtual(a) terms. The interested student will find here valuable information on the origins of French literature, how the Middle Ages got its name, theological and everyday measurements of time, and the relationships of myth and fiction to family tree in the founding of aristocratic families and feudal dynasties.Somewhere between the fall of the Roman Empire and the Renaissance there was a mi ddle time. During this period, the French nomenclature was born from the cradle of latinity. The ninth century, in fact, provides us with the first testimonies of what will become the language of French literature. Indeed, in the year 813, the emergence of the importance and general use of vernacular language in Europe is marked by the Council of Tours which, by giving priests the right to pronounce sermons in the common tongue (rusticam), particularly in French (gallicam) and German (teudiscam), sought to mediate a crisis in preaching by closing the linguistic gap that had developed between the clergy and the commit people. Moreover, on 14 February 842, the Strasbourg Oaths renewed the military and political alliance between Louis the German a... ...500. Vol. XI/1 of Grundriss der Romanischen Literaturen des Mittelalters. Eds. Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht, et al. Heidelberg Carl Winter Universittsverlag, 1986. 135-156.Duggan, Joseph J. The Experience of Time as a Fundamental Element of the Stock of Knowledge in Medieval Society. In Gumbrecht, et al. 127-134.Eco, Umberto. Travels in Hyperreality. Trans. William Weaver. San Diego, New York, London Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1986.Edelman, Nathan. The Early Uses of Medium Aevum, Moyen Age, Middle Ages. The Eye of the Beholder. Ed. Jules Brody. Baltimore and London Johns Hopkins University Press, 1974. 58-81.Gourvitch, Aaron J. Les Catgories de la culture mdivale. Trans. Hlne Courtin, Nina Godneff. Paris Gallimard, 1983.Stock, Brian. Listening for the Text On the Uses of the Past. Baltimore and London Johns Hopkins University Press, 1990.

The Character of Blanche DuBois in Tennessee Williams A Streetcar Named Desire :: A Streetcar Named Desire Essays

The Character of Blanche in A Streetcar Named Desire Blanche, Stellas older sister, until recently a high school English teacher in Laurel, Mississippi. She arrives in New Orleans a loquacious, witty, arrogant, fragile, and ultimately crumbling figure. Blanche once was married to and passionately in love with a tortured young man. He killed himself after she discovered his homosexuality, and she has suffered from guilt and regret always since. Blanche watched parents and relatives, all the old guard, die off, and then had to endure foreclosure on the family estate. Cracking under the strain, or mayhap yielding to urges so long suppressed that they now could no longer be contained, Blanche engages in a series of sexual escapades that trigger an expulsion from her community. In New Orleans she puts on the airs of a woman who has never known indignity, but Stanley sees through her. Her past catches up with her and destroys her relationship with Mitch. Stanley, as she fears he might, de stroys whats left of her. At the end of the play she is led away to an insane asylum. This is indeed the story of what happened to Blanche in the play but what flaws in her own temper were to blame for her subsequent tragedy. Blanche is by far the most complex character of the play. An intelligent and sensitive woman who values literature and the creativity of the human imagination, she is similarly emotionally traumatised and repressed. This gives license for her own imagination to become a haven for her pain. One senses that Blanches own view of her real self as opposed to her holy person self has been increasingly blurred over the years until it is sometimes difficult for her to tell the difference. It is a challenge to find the key to Blanches melancholy but by chance the roots of her trauma lie in her early marriage. She was haunted by her inability to help or understand her young, troubled husband and that she has tortured herself for it ever since. Her drive to lose herse lf in the kindness of strangers might also be understood from this period in that her sense of confidence in her own effeminate attraction was shaken by the knowledge of her husbands homosexuality and she is driven to use her sexual charms to attract men over and over. Yet, beneath all this, there is a desire to find a companion, to find fulfilment in love.

The Character of Blanche DuBois in Tennessee Williams A Streetcar Named Desire :: A Streetcar Named Desire Essays

The Character of Blanche in A Streetcar Named Desire Blanche, Stellas older sister, until recently a high school English teacher in Laurel, Mississippi. She arrives in New siege of Orleans a loquacious, witty, arrogant, fragile, and ultimately crumbling figure. Blanche once was married to and passionately in love with a tortured young man. He killed himself after she discovered his homosexuality, and she has suffered from guilt and regret ever since. Blanche watched parents and relatives, all the old guard, die off, and then had to endure foreclosure on the family estate. Cracking under the strain, or perhaps yielding to urges so long suppressed that they now could no longer be contained, Blanche engages in a series of sexual escapades that trigger an expulsion from her community. In New Orleans she puts on the airs of a woman who has never known indignity, but Stanley sees through her. Her past catches up with her and destroys her relationship with Mitch. Stanley, as she fears he might, destroys whats left of her. At the end of the play she is led away to an insane asylum. This is indeed the story of what happened to Blanche in the play but what flaws in her own character were to blame for her later(prenominal) tragedy. Blanche is by far the most complex character of the play. An intelligent and sensitive woman who values literature and the creativity of the human imagination, she is also emotionally traumatised and repressed. This gives demonstrate for her own imagination to become a haven for her pain. One senses that Blanches own view of her real self as opposed to her ideal self has been increasingly blurred over the years until it is sometimes difficult for her to tell the difference. It is a challenge to queue the key to Blanches melancholy but perhaps the roots of her trauma lie in her early marriage. She was haunted by her inability to help or understand her young, troubled husband and that she has tortured herself for it ever since. Her drive to drop herself in the kindness of strangers might also be understood from this period in that her sense of confidence in her own feminine attraction was move by the knowledge of her husbands homosexuality and she is driven to use her sexual charms to attract men over and over. Yet, beneath all this, there is a desire to find a companion, to find fulfilment in love.

Dating and Mating Essay

In comparing and contrasting dating and mating we touch on a current head of evaluation between the variances of the profane world views and the views of God. The secular world understanding on dating is based on what feels right at the time or just for enjoyment. According to Scorsone, Giorgia, Mating, attractiveness and promiscuity M.A. dissertation, the secular world view of dating is choosing who their friends like or choosing a mate because of outward appearance or even for materialistic possessions. Highlighting the differences with Biblical views we can see how the secular world appears to have no standards when regarding the dating process of making a commitment.When we run into at Gods perspective of dating we could refer to it as courtship. Courting is being in a committed relationship with the intentions of marriage. Although courtship and dating are not found specifically in the Bible we can still apply truths of how we are to treat other people. Courtship is the time- honored and triple-crown time consuming of learning about someone, to know if there is compatibility for marriage. Often it involves friendship, discussing each individuals future plans, knowing the parents, and praying privately for Gods will in the matter. The desire to not compromise the morals and standards is where we see the contrast of courting and secular dating.As a Christian we should love the overlord above all else. (Matthew 1037) rather than following the dating scene, some people love their acquaintances more than they love God. The Bible says to say or desire that another person is everything or the most important thing in ones life is idolatry, which is sin (Galatians 520)In conclusion, the perception of secular dating rather than dating Gods way is where we can compare similarities but find major contrast. God wants his best for us in everything we do, especially in finding the right person for us to marry.

Policing Culture Paper Essay

Throughout history the role of women and racial and ethnic minorities has been restrained. This causes the inability to bleed up in ranking and limiting the ability to perform in certain jobs. Being a woman or having a different racial background can also cause stereotypes. For standard, a Hispanic officer may be given a Hispanic area to patrol, due to his background. The motivation for minorities and women in law enforcement is undoubtedly true. The culture, and gender diversity in constabulary discussion sections is not only helpful in todays police departments, alone it is a necessity. The larger police departments such as Detroit City police could not be a successful department without ethnic minorities, and women. One example of the need for women in the department would be that on a routine stop if there were a female that is surmise of a crime, or suspected to be in the possession of drugs she needs to be searched.A long time ago a male officer would simply search the woman, and taking into custody her if need be, or send her on her way. With all of the sexual harassment accusations against male police officers during the frisking it is easier on the department, as well as the women macrocosm frisked just to have a female officer do the task to avoid accusations, or even the loss of a case. Cities in the United states oddly the large cities like Los Angeles, Chicago, New York, Miami, or Detroit is extremely ethnically diverse. This is where ethnic police officers are needed. If there was a call that police officers responded to there is a possibility that the person who is being interviewed at the scene would only want to talk with an ethnic police officer this will not only placid down the person being interviewed, but it will be a more effective interview. These are just a few examples of why women and ethnic minorities are a necessity to todays police forces.That is also why men and women of todays police forces are equal. Inside every(pr enominal) police force is a manual that dictates guidelines for the officers to follow in times of question. This manual is usually known as the Policy and Procedures manual or P&P. Thesemechanisms give officers clear guidelines on how to proceed with certain situations. These policies can only go so far in any department though. As all(prenominal) officer is out in his beat functional his area, situations will dictate what he has to do in order to maintain his officer safety as well as the safety of the public and citizens of the area he is working. These manuals are given to instill base line knowledge of how an officer should handle himself and what his/her department feels is acceptable on how to handle calls and incidents. Policy is updated monthly if not weekly in order to stay current with case laws in order to restrain the officer as sharp as possible to deal with the everyday citizens, jail house lawyers, or criminally sophisticated individual who is well cozy in dealin g with law enforcement.Many experts have entertained the idea of the existence of a police subculture. Some would say that there are challenges and render factors unique only to the job of policing. A study conducted on a police department by William Westly in Gary, Indiana discovered that two of the severalise factors leading to the creation of a police subculture were due to nature of the job and the individuals that the officers were most likely to come in contact with on a mundane basis. He concluded that the majority of the people that officers came into contact with were those who already held resentment toward law enforcement officers. These interactions helped foster a police subculture, which emphasized violence, secrecy, and solidarity. Being a police officer can be very stressful.The demands of the job and the lack of control over workload can have a negative impact some(prenominal) physically and mentally. Personal relationships also suffer and the divorce rate is as high as 30 percent in some police departments. guard officers also have one of the highest suicide rates in the nation. It is apparent that police work is stressful. So what is the source of officer stress? Although many of the duties and responsibilities tie in to police work can create high levels of stress, there is not one single stressor that cannot be found in other occupations. The reality is that working in law enforcement can take a toll on an individuals personal life. The challenge is trying to find a fit in order to alleviate these problems so that it does not affect the officer in the performance of their duties.

Jack London’s The Call of the Wild: A Review Essay

In Jack Londons novel The Call of the Wild, the main character, Buck, has developed from a house dog to a sleigh dog. Buck, being forced to adapt in order to survive, has made him become the leader of the pack. When Buck was being attacked by the man in the red sweater, He saw, once for all, that he stood no chance against a man with a club. He learned the lesson, and in all his afterlife he never forgot it (11). This shows that lastly Buck realized that he had to learn to pry the club.Also, Buck learned that he is not able to beat everyone, he must accept licking sometimes. And once he would respect the club, the club wouldnt hurt him. With Buck pulling the sled every single day, his muscles became as hard as iron, and he grew callous to all ordinary pain (25). Buck is developing and is becoming stronger to pull the sled. Also, the pain in Bucks feet have disappeared since he is so use to having the same monotonous running every day.Later in the book, Buck was able to pull a gee pound sled. This shows that Buck has unfeignedly developed into a sled dog, because a house dog would never be able to achieve that. Also, being able to pull a 1000 pound sled means that he has grown stronger from all the running that he has done over the last few months. With him getting stronger and learning to respect the club, Buck has truly turned into an incredible sled dog.

Criminal Invesigations Essay

The purpose of this research paper is to show the role, function, nature and responsibility of the criminal investigator. The Methods apply and the Interpretation of the Collection of Physical Evidence and taste of the Sources of reading pass on be explained within this paper. The Role, Function, Nature and Responsibility of the Criminal Investigator The criminal investigator has specific roles and function within their organization. The duty of a umbrage snap investigator is to try to assemble and bring to use upher multiple events, entropy, and interpretations of a offensive activity stroke to make it one big picture. ground on physical testify, testimonies of eyes witnesses, suspects, and the victim he will create expressionry to figure divulge what has happened. He or she is creating a hypothesis in what happen before the crime purview occurred and after. All evidence found in all cases by the investigator has full understanding and knowledge of it in order to be a n effective investigator (Physical Evidence).The mentality of an investigator has to have interest, observative, and have the ability to write down everything that is going on. While on a crime scene he or she will notice what is wrong in the crime scene. For instance, the investigator notices that everything in a home is pull in ones hornsn out and thrown on the floor in which the investigator can tell the crime scene is a burglary. In the investigative world, not wholly severally individual investigator learns from each case they take up but from each other. While learning from each other they have to be unfastened minded and have doubt in order not to interfere with the facts of the case. The job of a criminal investigator has high levels of critical thinking (Police). The Methods Used and the Interpretation of the Collection of Physical Evidence When the investigator is called onto a crime scene they have a lot of work to gather and process. The first scuttle officer will turn the crime scene over to them.The investigator might be also in charge of giving out get information based on the crime scene. The first thing that they might observe is the possible of the scene being contaminated by the officers who arrived their initially. The crime scene moldiness be organized, and controlled using the proper methods so that the suspect of the crime scene whitethorn be successfully captured (Police).. The investigator will meet with the shoot detective and the first responding officer on scene. He or she will interview them the two people on information pertaining to the scene. The investigator will get an understanding on what happened, when it happened, and how the crime occurred. The information seed, the investigator will combine his information with theirs and make a logical determination of what happen in the crime scene. The gathered information as if you were a judge to see if the facts and evidence will meet will support the conclusion of the sce ne (Police).The process of the crime scene investigation is when they receive a call to go to a crime scene. When you arrive at the scene, you will make a list of what is infallible for this particular crime. Every crime scene is divers(prenominal). As crime scene investigator, you will need to have enough police officers protecting the crime scene and yourself. The officer will have to make sure as shooting that no one who is not authorizes to enter the premises stays out. The responding officer or a designated psyche would be the recorder keeper of authorize individualal who enter the crime scene. They would have to write down their name, ID number, date, time, and what department (Police). The crime scene investigator will start to take photographs from the outside. The will take pictures of the entire field. All angles will be necessary from across, behind, on top, and bottom of the crime scene. Pictures will be taken of the street names, numbers, the street itself, vehicl es, and street light posts.The more pictures taken the more evidence you have. Every picture taken should be accounted. A log will be helpful of keeping account of the pictures, what camera, lens and film being used. If boob tube camera is used that is also should be logged into the log sheet. In addition, you whitethorn want to write down who had access to photos or video other than the crime scene investigator (Physical Evidence). Now, the crime scene investigator will take note on any damages or any property taken on the outside. All evidence will be taken into photography. photography will be taken from all angles, close-up and from a distance. Any mark numbers and letters must be place in the one argona and be able to fit in one photograph. Next, Diagrams will be make of the crime scene and where the evidence was found. Triangular, rectangular, and baseline diagrams will be made to show a rough measurement of where everything happened.The investigator is always to remember to record location, measurements, and the person who collected the information. The investigator will now move internal the premises of the crime area. The investigator has to make sure he has proper approval and if necessary a search warrant. When entering the premises, you may want to dampen protective gear so that you will not contaminate the evidence. Protective gear may include gloves, head and shoe covers, jumpsuit, and a mask. When looking for evidence inside the area, avoid the place where you think the suspect has moved around. The investigator will have less cross contamination on the evidence. Area where the investigator will walk will be around the edges not of the middle of the scenery. They will take notice on the entry taper and exit point of the suspect.They will make sure other detectives or investigators in the crime scene to walk in certain paths to not contaminate the crime scene (Police). The crime scene investigator will logically take photographs as he did out side into the interior of the crime scene. They will work either in the same direction or opposite direction in working the crime scene. The crime scene investigator will do the same procedures in all crime scenes. When taking photographs, the investigator will take photographs in a three dimensional way. Photographs will be taken of the floors, walls, and ceilings. Everything must be visible for evidence by taking photos of the four walls. One angle might not be enough to show the evidence needed. Multiple angles must be taken.With all the photos taken, the investigator will make a diagram of the crime scene. It is good to point out the major details of the crime scene such as furniture, entry and exit points, and the victim. Another way of recording evidence is through video camera. Taking video must be only of important video of the crime scene. It may be easier to take video in fifteen second intervals. The investigator will also take video from all angle of the crime scene. Aft er they are done collecting evidence, they will go make another walk through to make sure no missing evidence pertaining to the crime scene. Collaboration with other crime scene investigators and detectives will be done to insure all evidence has been collected. taste of the Sources of InformationIn the line of an investigator, get enough information is critical. Information can be from physical evidence, the crime scene, interviewing, and interrogations. Interview and interrogations are very different. Interviews are just to gather information of the crime. An interrogation is getting information based on the suspect being involved. An investigator need to know the difference so that the person being interviewed or interrogated will know if they in custody or being asked a few questions. Two key ways of getting information will be witnesses, and interviews (Berg).WitnessesA witness will help out a lot while investigating. When interviewing, there are ten basic step. The steps are plan ahead, arrange for privacy, identify yourself properly, assemble case facts in advance, have an intentional direction, be timely, avoid interruptions, be a good listener, compensate dustup level, pace, and demeanor as necessary, and maintain rapport throughout the interview.There are many types of witness which may include willing witnesses, eyewitnesses, reluctant witnesses, dull or disinterested witnesses, unreliable witnesses, frightened witnesses, biased witness, hostile witnesses, timid witnesses and deceitful witnesses. An investigator may also deal with people of many different ages. The investigator will have to identify these witnesses, and if they are children, young adults, or mature adults. They will have different methods on the way they try to receive information and if the information is valid (Berg).InterviewsAt first, a rapport will be made by the investigator. A rapport is a relationship surrounded by the officer and the one being interview knowing theirs empathy. An interview may not exactly occur right after the crime due to the anguish from the situation. Time is needed before interviewing. It has to be a respectful interview and listening very closely. There two ways to interview a person cognitive and behavioral analysis. Cognitive interview is reconstructing the circumstances, reporting all information, recalling events in different orders, and changing perspectives. Behavioral analysis is just identifying the person body language to the truth (Berg).ConclusionIn conclusion, criminal investigation is a long process of collecting information. They have the most important job. The process of collecting information is extensive. It is critical for them to collect all evidence so that the suspect may be apprehended and justice shall be served when in the court system. Information may be either through physical evidence, interviews, or witnesses (Berg).Works CitedBerg, Bruce L., John J. Horgan, and John J. Horgan. Criminal Investi gation. New York, NY Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, 1998. Print. Physical Evidence. Enotes.com. Enotes.com, n.d. Web. 19 Oct. 2012. . Police Criminal Investigations Sources Of Information And Evidence In Criminal Investigations. Physical, Crime, Polygraph, and Witnesses. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Oct. 2012. .

Effective and Ethical Leadership Essay

Page 2. Throughout the evolution of modern business, leaders have strived to be effective and profitable. However, due to unprecedented business scandals throughout the late(prenominal) decade, strict adherence to the principles of business ethics has become much prominent and expansive than ever before. In light of scandalous and unethical business practices, as exuded by Enron and WorldCom for example, business leaders and governing agencies realize the importance of ethical behavior. Although there is not a clear cut or standard stripe of associates that constitute an effective and ethical leader, there argon several common aspects that can be identified.The most important attributes of an effective and ethical leader are trustworthiness and accountability. Employees must feel that they can trust their directors in any and every situation. Team members must believe that a manager has immaculate intentions for the eudaemonia of the project and the team. Employees will work har der towards the goals of the organization as well as towards the goals of individual assignments if they feel that management is looking out for their best interests. Team members should not look at business management as an entity of oppression.Employees should be able to approach managers without intimidation or prejudice. In other words, workers should feel free to report concerns and express opinions. Experienced front line workers are more privy to minute details regarding the daily operations of the business. A worker that trusts his or her spiffing is more likely to express opinions and concerns that can enhance business activity or correct errors. Employees that trust the management of the organization will be more willing to work diligently towards the companys goals.Employees that do not have a trustworthy management team can suffer from a reduction in morale. Overall, a lack of trust leads to a distant and less productive work environment. Page 3. Another equally import ant attribute of an effective and ethical leader is accountability. Effective managers should not be afraid to admit when they are wrong. Even the best managers make mistakes. In essence, a manager with a strong ethical track record will be able to address tough questions with realistic answers.Transcending departmental and hierarchal barriers, accountability promotes conference throughout the entire organization. For example, after years of slumping car sales coupled with rigid hierarchal divisions, Ford Motors decided to embark in a unsanded direction with Alan Mulally as CEO in 2006. Throughout its century of existence, Ford developed a very tall hierarchy, composed of managers whose main goal was to entertain their turf and avoid any direct blame for its plunging car sales (Jones 2010). Even the COO Mark Fields stated that at Ford you never admit when you dont know something (Jones 2010). New CEO, Alan Mulally, diligently worked to demolish the communication barriers between the divisions of production and to develop new ethical norms. For instance, he instituted weekly meetings where department heads were encouraged to openly share problems. Mulally promoted a new culture that was more accepting and open about mistakes. Moreover, sharing all aspects of production schooling through a universal lens can help to promote decreased production costs on a company-wide level.Organizations will prosper under(a) a management that promotes and radiates accountability and trustworthiness. Employees are more prone to open lines of communication with trusted superiors. Managers that can accept responsibility for errors while co-piloting new plans of storm on pertinent issues can help to eliminate unnecessary depletion of organizational resources. A corporate culture that is built upon these attributes will be poised for future success. Page 4. Works Cited Jones, G. R. (2010). Organizational Theory, Design, and Change (6th ed. , p. 14). Upper Saddle River, NJ P rentice Hall.

What Does College Mean to Me?

What does college mean to me? Going to college to me means a lifetime full of knowledge. College is an doing that would give me success for the rest of my life. When Im older I hope college will build on to my knowledge level and put me at the top I involve to be an anesthesiologist when I get older so that means I have to go to at to the lowest degree four years at a regular college hopefully USC, and then go to a doctoring school for at least 8 years. In format to achieve this goal I have to do wellhead in school now to get the job in about 15-25 years.College is a beast that I would have to have to get that job and Im determined on getting it. I hope Ill be more(prenominal) successful and think more about my future then. College would be a great thing for me since almost none of my family went, well my mom did and then she dropped out. If I made it to college I would love to finish what my mom started and finish college and do what she wanted to do become an actual somethin g and not just a receptionist/ think about at a doctors office.College would mean the world to me and my family and all my relatives support me in my work and think I would do very well in college if I focused more on my school work now so I hope to become better at compensable attention and giving my all in all my classes especially my AVID class because that is the class that is making my dream come true. AVID is a schedule that gives kids a way to get to college by giving scholarships which is the only way Id be able to go to college because my parents say that they cant afford for three kids to go to college.My parents tell me that I have to work my hardest in this class and stay smart so possibly just maybe I wont have to pay but a small amount out of my pocket or even my parents pockets. College would be a blessing to me and help my dream career become a reality I hope that doing my work and working hard in my AVID class will get me there. My AVID teacher is also a big part of my college dream and she inspires me to want to go to college and Im very thankful that she has helped me get my life straight and Im set on what I want to do and what job I want to pursue and Im ready for college and Ill do anything I can to get there.

Extra Curriculum Activities Essay

An ideal naturalize need more subject options such as drama, art and unisonto excel at all(prenominal) levels. The school works provided to students by teachers have their own academic importance, Nevertheless that alone does not perpetrate the schooling and learning requirements and standards. In some schools, the educational systems be only based upon fixed fix up of courses that excludes extra curriculum activities, causing insufficient or restrictiveness for the students comprehension skills and imaginations.Although it is believed that directlys schools have the best education system including extra curriculum activities, it is yet underestimated in many another(prenominal) schools. These activities will bring many benefits to students. Involving students to participate in extra curriculum activities is very most-valuable in helping them to develop many skills such as working and social skills. Of course, while there are definitely a large amount of benefits to extra cu rriculum activities for students, there needs to be a balance between that and school work.Getting refer in a few different activities is a great choice to improve various skills and attitudes, and is definitely beneficial in all aspects, but alike many activities can result in students having academic problems and more. on that pointfore, it is important for students to set some limits in universe removed in extra curriculum activities. Also not every student is a activated scientist or a mathematician, so these extra subject choices give students a chance to develop skills in particular areas they are well in.Students learn about long term commitments when they are involved in extracurricular activities as well, which is another excellent benefit. When they join one of the activities or clubs, they commit themselves to that activity for a period of time. Learning to take on commitments is important, and these activities can teach students this important lesson. Many times, b eing involved in extracurricular activities helps to raise the self esteem of teens. There are many teens that feel unimportant or that there is nothing they are good at.Teens struggle with self esteem, and these activities are a centering that they can build self esteem. Everyone wants to find something that they are really good at, and extracurricular activities provide them with a way that they can get involved in something and really shine, giving their self esteem a boost. Getting involved in extracurricular activities also allows students to get involved in various interests. It is important for students to be very diverse in their interests. These activities allow them to explore a range of interests that they may have.Students should be allowed to take another step forward and be able to explore the world of art and music and to be able to nurture their talent and explore their own potential in other areas. There are numerous advantages for students to participate in extra curriculum activities. Therefore schools should be encouraged to involve students in these activities that increase the students self-worth, ability to think creatively, emotional understanding, social networks and overall increase their academic performances. With so many benefits and advantages, how can schools exclude extra Curriculum Activities?

Gandhi Commemorative Speech Essay

Specific Purpose To commemorate the legacy of Mahatma Gandhi Central musical theme/dissertation Statement Gandhi is considered to be one of the most influential and admired individual who played an important ruin in the independence of India IntroductionAttention Getter George Washington. What comes to your mind when I say that name, First President of the united States or maybe Father of the nation? Yes, to Americans he is the father of this nation just as Gandhi is a father of my nation, India. Today Im going to talk about Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi also kn have as Bapu meaning father. Relative to Indians and India, he led us to independence in 1947 from the British Rule. Preview I am going to commemorate Gandhi by providing an insight on his two of his mortalal qualities, non-violence and simplicity. Central Idea/ Thesis I wont speak in the context of his life and ways, but I would rather put a light on his personal qualities and would start with how non-violence led him to gr eatness and in the end how he lived his entire life with simplicity. Starting with my first point,Main Point 1 His bravery as an individual, transcended into the millions who were under the British Empire A. India was one of the prized countries under British Rule1. India was a country prolific in traditions and culture thousands of years old. 2. The British Empire took control of the government of India. 3. Ancient traditions and religions were thrown out.As you can well imagine, the native people of India suffered greatly. When Gandhi came to India from South Africa, Instead of encouraging native born Indians to don up arms and force the British colonists out of their country, Gandhi created a policy of non-violent protest. Non-violence, he said, is a arm for the brave. Gandhi explains his philosophies and way of life in his autobiography The Story of My Experiments with Truth. One of his famous quote was An nub for an eye makes the whole world blind. Gandhi was aware that t his level of nonviolence required incredible faithand courage, which he complete not everyone possessed. He therefore advised that everyone need not keep to nonviolence, especially if it were used as a cover for cowardice. Main Point 2 His simplicity sold the idea that he cherished no praise for return to his services Moving on to my second point,Gandhi earnestly believed that a person involved in social services should lead a simple life which he fancy could lead to divinity. He gave up western style clothing upon returning to India from South Africa. He garbed to be accepted by the poorest person in India, advocating the use of homespun cloth. Gandhi and his followers adopted the lend oneself of weaving their own clothes from thread they themselves spun and encouraged others to do so. It was Gandhis view that if Indians made their own clothes it would be an economic blow to the british establishment in India. Consequently, the spinning wheel was later incorporated into the f lag of india. He subsequently wore a dhoti for the rest of his life to express the simplicity in his life.ConclusionMoving on to the conclusion,Review I have shared with you gandhis principles in nonviolence and simplicity which played a major role in Indian liberty movement. Clincher I hope I made you learn bit about a great Indian freedom fighter who made India. I thank you all for listening my speech.

Motivation and Staff Performance in the Civil Service Essay

The key to motivation is the satisfaction of desires. As languish as an idiosyncratic has an un carry doned soulal goal, he has the force to motivate him, our behavior consciously or unconsciously, is princip everyy motivate distinctive individual behaviour be to a considerable degree subconscious and indeed non easily susceptible to examination and evaluation. There has been persistent expression of dissatisfaction with the think over attitudes and business organisation murder of operationplaceers in public sector. This is due to the fact that the origin is non attractive to oeuvreers.This inadequacy could be traced to the employees personal impoverishments, ancestry expectations and or innate states. Employees atomic number 18 usually more productive during a problem simply because they want to do it, not because they feel they take hold to do it. Therefore, it experiencems evident that raft or individuals will be prep bed to commit themselves to their job to rear in their best effort and loyalty to the job and to work towards the achievement of the geological formation targets if their goals argon met on the job and if they are satisfied with the job. When star is positively propel, it precipitates positive behavior hence positive erformance. fit in to Musselman and Hughes (1999) morale affects efficiency of operation. Morale is the payoff of combination of many complex attitudes, workers personal feelings and biases, their values, economic and cultural environment, degree of security physical health, mad stability, realization of job expectations and the f belittled of communication in the midst of management and the workers. 3 Many authorities conceive that production rates are more sharply operated by morale of the work force than by any other environmental factor.If employees feel that they are treated fairly well and keen work conditions are rund, they are likely to work high morale to do their job. 1. 2 takemen t of the chore The elegant service is the instrument through which importationful development in the country is achieved. This is accomplished when the well-mannered servant uses his acquired skills to formulate and execute government policies geared towards development. However, there is a strong evidence of deterioration about the work standard in the civil service.The behaviours of workers are characterized by such attitudes as laziness, absenteeism, lateness to work, opposition to members of the public disloyalty and corruption. The expectations of civil servants are not met hence, there is general laxity and inadequate performance in this sector. It is the general stamp of civil servants that their counterparts in the private sector are better off with good standard of living. In view of this, they are not motivated to put in their best. This negative belief has created some problems in the attitude of workers in the civil service which has adversely affected job perform ance. 1. enquiry Question in view of the problem raised, this force field is therefore designed to seek answers to the following questions in line with the aims of the study (1) What are the factors affecting job satisfaction among the Civil Servants un Oyo State? (2) To what extent are the Civil Servant of Oyo State are satisfied with their job? 4 1. 4 Objectives of the StudyThe objectives of the research study are to (i) examine the factor that motivate the workers of Oyo State Civil Service (ii) appraise the existing prompt packages for workers in the state and (iii) investigate the effects of staff motivation on job performance in he State. 1. 5 Significance of the Study The study will be of immense benefits to decision makers and forgiving resource managers in organization when dealing with gracious race race problem such as the menace of low productivity as appropriate policy decisions that affect their personnel would be made. The importance of workers motivation and j ob satisfaction should not be ignored by government as they promote the corporate objectives of the organization as well as the individual. This research study would therefore serve as a hold to employers of labour as it would give them the understanding of the workers.The study is to a fault expected to provide additional education research in this area and to government for effective efficient performance in respect of projection and allocation of scarce resources for a head oriented state. 1. 6 The Scope of StudyConsidering the large population of the Oyo State Civil Service, it will be difficult and time consuming to include all the population of civil servants in the state. Therefore, the study focused on six ministries. The Miniseries are office of the Governor, ministry of Works and Transport, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Youth and Sports, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Lands and Housing.The criteria for selecting these ministries are based on the fact that their programmes and activities are 5 geared towards the development of the state and the fact that they provide big services to the largest population of the state, hence, their impact is felt throughout the state. In addition, the population of these ministries is expected to be a representative sample of the characteristics of the whole civil service as the population of the selected ministries represents a larger proportion of whole civil service population. 1. 7 Limitation of the StudyThe system of records keeping at Oyo state civil service commission made it difficult to collect and retrieve data incumbent for adequate analysis of data collected for the study. The time for the research study is not enough for an extensive work to be done. It was not easy to carry out a comparative study of all the Ministries in Oyo state because of fund. Definition of Terms1. 8 Definition of Terms The following terms are delineate for the purpose of this studyindigence The drive to satisfy a wan t or achieve an outcome. In this study, what motivates the labour to put up certain action and what comes out of it?Job Satisfaction The psychological disposition (attitudes and feelings) of workers towards his job. It refers to the contentment go through when a want is satisfied as a result of a job factor. Morale The corporal attitude of workers towards one another, towards their employer, the management, or their work. 6 Job Involvement The enthusiasm and dedication which an individual demonstrates at his job as he gets deeply absorbed in it in a bid to achieve corporate objectives. Management Management is a work by which a co-operative grouping directs the actions of others towards a putting surface goal (objective).In this case, management is used to mean senior management, except otherwise state. Training The process whereby employees learn the skill, knowledge, attri alonees and behaviours necessary to in perform their job effectively. Behaviour The general disposition of the management which employees see as friendly or hostile, conductive or unconductive and which affect their job behaviour and consequently performance. 7 CHAPTER TWO AREVIEW OF LITERATURE AND THEORETICAL FRAME WORK 2. 1 Introduction Many employers of labour adjudge come to realize that people are the most classical of an organization.They concerned themselves with how the workers would be brought together to work for the fulfillment of the corporate of the organization. According to A. K. Ubeku (1975) of all the as posts of a business organization, people are the most important. Motivation of workers in an organization is very important as it leads to the development of the individual and improve his job performance. Modern managers in an organization use personnel policy to motivate workers with a view to creating a conducive working situation where workers could attain self-actualization.Motivation creates a sense of success and security in the workers when his/her work is recognized as contributing to the aims and objectives of the organization. The classical approach to motivation has been the countersink and stick method. The correct universe money and the stick taking the form of physical punishment. The assumption has been that people would work harder and train more if substantial financial rewards are placed before them or threatened with either chemise or physical punishment.The classical theorists felt that workers could attain job satisfaction if their productivity and pay are maximized. This was not to be as money could motivate employees to a certain point scarce. Managers have also come to realize the importance of job satisfaction to workers. This is due to the facts that a worker who is satisfied with his/her full treatment would put up an enhanced job performance while the reverse be the case for the dissatisfy worker. Thus, the success or failure of 8 any organization is a function of how satisfied its employees are with their work.A well-motivated worker could put up a high job performance because of the satisfaction he derived from his work. 2. 2 The concept of motivation and job satisfaction The word motivation is derived from the Latin word movere meaning to move. Motivation is therefore the process of arousing movement. The movement referred to being behavioural movement. Some theorists had asserted that people behaviour is determined by a complex interaction between the unconscious drives and the environment. Motivation is a sensitiveness to act in a specific goal mark manner.The term motivation refers to goal directed behaviour. Goal directed behaviour is characterized by the process of selecting and directing certain actions among voluntary activities to achieve goals. Motivation can be defined as the state of an individual perspective which represents the strength of his propensity to practise towards some particular behaviour. The word Motivation is derived from motives. The definitions of m otives are as follows Motives are expression of a persons motivations, hence they are personal and internal.Motives are acquired determinants that regulates the patterns of action and that arouse ore activate behaviour. They are the wise to(p) determinant of behaviour. Finally, Eze (1984) defined motivation as a psychological process initiated by the emergence of a need in the organism which leads to a goal-directed behaviour/action aimed at satisfying the need. 9 Davis (1981) defined job satisfaction as the favorableness with which employee view their work. It is an indication of the congruousness between the workers expectations from his job and the actual rewards offered by the job.Eze (1984) defined job satisfaction as the sense of well-being, good feeling and positive mental state that emerge in an individual when he obtains regard, consequent upon his job performance, congruent with or very nearly congruent with his expected equitable reward. According to Kevin J. Russel, jo b satisfaction is a function of the importance attached, by the workers, to the extent to which needs are generally met in the work situation relative to the way in which these workers have ordered their wants and expectations (orientation to work).These definitions stated in a higher place have one thing in common a recognition of the fact that an individuals expression of job satisfaction is an emotional effective personal response as a result of his estimation of the degree to which some facts of job reality is congruent or incongruent with values. In order therefore to understand or describe an individuals job satisfaction, one needs to have a good understanding of that individuals total personality and value system.Ejiogu (2009) stated that peoples perceptions of their job situation will be directly related to the values which they place on the various aspects of their job and its environment as sources of satisfaction and dissatisfaction. From Wikipedia (2010) job satisfacti on describes how content an individual is with his or her job. The happier people are within their job, the more satisfied they are said to be. Job satisfaction is not the same as motivation, although it is clearly linked.Other influences on satisfaction include the management style and culture, employee involvement, dominance and autonomous work position. 10 2. 3 The Relationship Between Motivation, Job Satisfaction and Job movement As seen above, motivation is quite dissentent from satisfaction. While motivation refers to the drive and effort to satisfy a want of goal, satisfaction rears to the contentment experienced when a want is satisfied. In other words, motivation implied a drive towards an outcome and satisfaction involved outcomes already experienced (Koontz, ODonnell and Weihrich, 1981).Motivation, therefore, precedes satisfaction. In most work situation in Nigeria and elsewhere, the same factor affect job performance could also affect job involvement, job satisfaction, job attitude and work motivation. 2. 4 The Early Theories of Motivation and Job Satisfaction In the early years of industrial revolution and after, profit maximization triggered the industrialists to search for ways and means of do workers for higher productivity. They want to make profits as much as possible through change magnitude productivity.According to this view, the way to attract employee to work is to offer them attractive pay and the way to attract employees to work is to offer their attractive pay and the way to increase productivity is to constantly raise salaries. Motivation of workers through non-monetary rewards was never thinking of by these early industrialists. The early industrialist bind motivation to financial reward (increased pay) which would in turn give workers satisfaction. The early theories on motivation and job satisfaction are as follows 1. unpolluted Theory/School 11 2. forgiving Relation School 3. Structuralists School2. 4. 1.Classical Theory/ SchoolThe development of innovational management started about the beginning of this century with the classical give instruction led by Frederick W. Taylor. This classical check preached Scientific Management, which combines the study of physical capabilities of a worker with an economic approach which views man as being driven by the need to earn his livelihood. The classical school advocated that if material required was closely tied to work efforts, the worker would respond with the maximum performance he is physically capable of doing. Taylor and his followers see the worker as a functioning appendage to the industrial machine.Following this, the teaching of the classical school had been referred to as the Machine Theory of Organisation. The school assumed that the most efficient organisation would also be the most satisfying one, because it would maximize both productivity and workers pay and consequently job satisfaction. However, Taylor never thought off non-monetary rega rds. 2. 4. 2. The Human Relations SchoolThe excesses of the Classical approach came to be modified by the teaching of the human carnal knowledges School which was heralded in by Professor Elton Mayo and his associates in the Hawthorne experiments.These experiments were carried out at the Western Electric Companys Hawthorne works in Chicago, U. S. A. between 1927 and 1932, were aimed at exploring the relationship between physical environment and productivity. The study was especially aimed at finding out the effect of blaze on productivity in the plant. The researcher discovered that when lighting was 12 illuminated stair by step over a period of time, production increased correspondingly. On the other hand, when the researchers decided to decrease the illumination in the plant, production continued to rise and did so until the lighting was no longer brighter than moonlight.The major findings and conclusions of the Hawthorne test are as follows(i) The level of production is set b y social norms, not by physiological capacities (ii) Non-economic rewards and sanctions significantly affect the behaviour of workers and largely limit the effect of economic incentive plans (iii) Often, workers do not act or react as individuals but as members of groups (iv) The importance of leadership for setting and enforcing group norms and the difference between informal and formal leadership (v) The importance of communication, participative decision-making and democratic leadership in an organization.The Human Relations School assumed that the most satisfying organization would be the most efficient and so the organization structure and work should be related to the social needs of the employees. The rationale of the argument is that if employees are made happy, they will co-operate fully with the organization in their efforts and so increase organisational efficiency and productivity. Peter Drucker has criticised the views of the human relations school as being too employe e centered.While the Classical and Human Relations Schools differ in their emphasis on either the formal or informal aspects of the organisation respectively, both had failed to see that productivity and workers satisfaction are inherently opposed philosophies. This has been left for the Structural School to sort out. That is the fundamental contradiction between a companys quest for relationally and profit and the human search for ecstasy freedom of action. 13The Structuralists see the company organization as a large, complex, social unit in which many social groups interact while these groups have common interests like the economic viability of the organization, they also have some other opposed interests like how the gross profits of the organization are to be distributed. The cardinal groups within the organization whose interests frequently come into conflicts are management and workers, although by no means the only group envisaged by the Structuralists.Essentially, rivalry and conflicts between organizational groups are inevitable and, perhaps, occasionally desirable. Peoples behaviour is motivated by common basic needs. These needs vary in degree with gender, generation, culture, maturity and other lifespan circumstances. If appropriately structured, a persons job can help meet these needs, which leads to job satisfaction and job performance. A lot of research has been done in the area of motivation in relation to the area of organizational management.Researchers and authors agree that motivation is very crucial to the issue of job performance but they differ with regard to the things that motivate. Vroom (1964) sees motivation as a process governing choices made by persons or lower organisms among alternative forms of voluntary activity. This implies that motivation propel an individual to prefer one job to another. Some researchers assumed that variables such as amount of reward are motivational variables that directly influence the strength of i ncentive motivation.The implication of this is that extrinsic motivation has greater influence on ones (workers) performance. This seems to be in agreement with Skinners operant conditioning principle which states that behaviours are governed by their outcomes. This is to say that if the consequence is positive, there will exist a better 14 performance (behaviour) from the worker. In other words, an individuals willingness to perform and the effort he will be willing to put depend on the reward he will get from the performance of such activity.There are propounded theories which are train in nature. Some laying credence to or supporting the above viewpoints and others contradicting them. Some of these theories would be discussed since this look back cannot comprehensively discuss all of them. In addition, the literature review will include motivation, job performance, inner and extrinsic motivation, Nigeria Civil Service and Oyo State Civil Service. 2. 5 Maslows Theory of Motiva tion The need theory was originally advanced by Abraham Maslow (1938).According to him, people are motivated to satisfy a hierarchy or sequence of needs. He opined that man is a wanting being and what they want depends on what they already have. Maslow recognizes five (5) different needs that motivate individuals to work. These needs are as follows2. 5. 1 physiologic postulateThese are considered to be basic biological functions of the human organisms and the most important of all human needs. They include the need for food, water, air, sleep, sex, rest, cloth and shelter.An individuals who lacks any of all these physiological needs is disturbed in mind. In addition, if these needs are unfulfilled, the higher needs will not be recognized. 2. 5. 2 Safety NeedsIt is only when the individual meets the physiological needs that he tries to focus his attention on the next set of needs in the hierarchy, that is, the safety needs. At this level of the hierarchy, the employee is preoccupied with the safety of his life and property. He is also more concerned with stable situations and the security of his job. The needs for his 15

Grade

Hem Courts Tribunals service was created on 1 April. It aims to ensure that whole the diametrical expects of citizens plenty get a fair treatment . It deal with about 800000 judicature cases every year. One person has received her notice of measure due from inspector of evaluate and her tax capability has been admitted. Im a tax adviser, if tappets, t notify investigate to me about the Adverse consequences, The non-tax deliverer mustiness make her collecting to whim in writing. The tax payer bath use the appeal form( should master the design letter) or appeal by letter. After s peculiaritying appeal to HUMOR,she brush aside ask posterior delay the hire ate. Be bugger withdraw the rise of the BRB(bank balance rate) make her LORD increase,and she can appeal for the overcharge part. She in addition need to explain the ambiguity,bound and amount of tax evasion and tax excludeance. HUMOR has two methods to work out relate,one is calculate by date,from appeal submitt ed date to the normal filling date. The otherwise is calculate by the unpaid amount. To avoid interest penalties,it should pay attention to that payment of tax should made by the due date,interest is payable on overpayments of tax.By paying the amount in full,taxpayer can avoid interest penalties. Once she success,she can get the overpayment back. The interest on the overpayment will also return. By this way ,HUMOR show their sincerity apologize,to show their principle of comparability and humanity. nigh appeals are settled by agreement with HUMOR, This can improve the efficiency of handling cases. The presumptuousness of settlement is taxpayer can tell his condition including Jobless,income sources reduced and individualized accidents. The decision can be am deathed,tax payment amount,tax payment date and whether to pay the fine. He HUMOR will confirm the agreement base on both sides in writing and Release documents. He taxpayer also has the right way to Challenge some clause s in official documents. It shows the transparency of tax payment system. If she accept the agreement. Originally scheduled tax amount can be amended,it cognizance the tax avoidance and tax evasion again. The amount of the tax evasion forward can be understand as tax avoidance now. Penalties can be avoid by paying the owed tax fully by one- clip. If her case can not make her satisfied,HUMOR still can bid her a review,and collect the schooling. He significance is tax evasion,to ensure HUMOR/S account in people. At NY times can use questionnaire to ask for HUMOR. If she dont accept the agreement,she can ask HUMOR to review their decision including tax amount,tax due and penalties or ask tribunal to consider her tog. She can ask HUMOR to review the decision and then ask the tribunal to consider her appeal . But it can not be done at the same time. When reviewing,HUMOR will appoint a new ships officer who was not been involved with the decision in the lead to ensure the objectiv ity. The new officer will evaluate the lead points in last decision. He taxpayer should give discretion to the new officer in writing to let him review the decision. Hem Courts Tribunals service was created on 1 April. It aims to ensure that All the different needs of citizens can get a fair treatment . It deal with about 800000 tribunal cases every year. The tribunal is case-by-case of HUMOR and is part of HEM courts and tribunals service. The non- taxpayer can use the notice of appeal form to appeal. It divides into initial-tier Tribunals and Upper Tribunal. First tier tribunal belongs to court system. Of KICK,let is administered by Majesty Courts and Tribunals service.If the taxpayers complaint ease denied by first-tier tribunals can appeal to upper tribunal,but it shout admit by first tribunal. Finally,it also methods before failed, she could ask the court of apparel for help. Cases If all of her income is lower than personal wages, ashcan complete Thebes table and yield for HUMOR at the end of the year. ,or go to a bank to claim the deduction of tax. If she is not a taxpayer, she can put the capital in the building society. But she need to fill out ROR. Form need to contain the personal income, marital status, your spouses income situation, length of tax-free time. Cause of her income tax is high sprayer, so he is eligible to establish for bank interest rates, If he didnt feel satisfied, can apply for a bank refund. He need to fill in ROR Tax Repayment Form to the bank for his deduction of interest at the end of the year. It must be in-time, Overdue dont wait. If you dont pay taxes, then there is no eligible for capital gains tax . pixy you want to get back the capital gains tax, HUMOR must investigate the people, the income of last year,list the other earning sources apart from income.The following may not be as a stumbling block to block vex to high tax rebate. Such as basic or old-age ensign , Industrial Death wellbeing and Widowed Parents All owance.. Case 3 On submission of the relevant information to the Inland Revenue,that taxpayer is given a tax code. Taxes code =(various allowance+on the Job training expenses)- additional income. The tax code is then formed by dropping the final digit from this sum. The letter after the number show the ascription of the tax code. Different letter show different area of the money.For example,LULL on behalf of E 8100 allowance. TO this weeks or months allowance used out. Personal allowance used out or the taxpayer has pay the tax before get income. . The features of ordinary share & preference shares. Companys main source of capital n, distribution piddle earnings to pay dividends, no earning no dividends. 3). = ifFoxfire transfer, no limit Stock price is determined by the market E, Elffishing risk there is no due date, earnings uncertainty normally,issued with Face look upon take in rights ,One Share-One Vote 1 . If*1, FEM.preferred dividends, before common stock dividends 2. He Dividend is fixed, usually pay a certain percentage of the preferred stock value determined 3. WHQL*LSICirri, Dividends can be accumulated, usually before he annual undistributed preferred stock dividends shall be paid before any dividends look for preferred payments in the event of liquidation, ahead of the common stock Amounts of the Liquidation limited to their face value No voting rights or restricted voting rights 7. Participating preference share 8.Conversion rights 2. What are the different listing methods available to the fellowship to issue shares to the populace? POP-94 The following methods are available to a company that seeks its shares to be listed on the ELSE for the first time(a new issue) Public tornadoinclude spell for sale&offer for subscription Public offers 1 . Issue cost is invasive, offering to the public, acquirer including institutional investors and private investors. 2. Because it is offering to the public, Have sufficient opportunity to raise capit al.Usually public offering is suitable for those company who need to raise gravid amount o capital. There are a lot of companies done the capital market through PIP (initial public offering) complete the financing behavior.. Public issue including offer for subscription and offer for sale. Offer for subscription Is a form of public issue forthwith, the issue company need more professional ability n issue and put a lot of time and material costs, general enterprise does not score the capacity to complete. Offer for sale Is a public and indirect methods of issue..Arrange issuance by underwriters for the number company, Most companies do not boast their own ability to issue shares, so more companies will choose offer for sale.. Potential investors can use the stock issuance of company in the newspaper public subscription method stated in the prospectus to issue stocks to subscribe the company plans to develop. Fixed price offer. The garter has identified the stock issue price Be fore a public stock offering . If it is sold , subscribe issued more than quantity,then make allocation on a prorate basis.If it is underspecified u, subscription number less than issuing number.. Institutional investors often underwriters subscribe remainder and way for the time to market sales in the future.. During offer for subscription, if the stock cant be investors fully subscribed, The offering will be aborted. Tender offer Investors declare their purchase price, the sponsor determine a tricking price according to Investors offer. II investors eventually according to the tricking price put on the offering of shares.Placing On the issuing way of placing,most stock is north offered to public, But to the particular customer or a particularised directional issue stock investors. Toby the issuer or the agent. Placing Is suitable for target specific investors,the cost of this method is lower than offer for subscription and offer for sale,and suitable for the company which the t otal value of the offer is low. Introduction This method is not involved in the issue of new shares, Just will have issued shares introduced to be formally listed.Introduction only applies to the stock has been ideal distributed, Thus getting broader Thus getting broader after complete circulation after complete circulation, For example, domestic company stocks listed abroad Introduction do not apply to the company to raise capital in a short time Cause cancansimmediate causes. The directly cause of the damage. Examplethe company equipment was damaged by the water,the cause cancans could be the water. Susan equationsunderlying reasons. An intervening cause but not directly, Indirect cause loss. Examplea mobile phone may be broken due to the hitting,the poor quality may also e the cause.Subrogation-rights transfer-subrogation is the principle that occurred when the subject-matter policyholder caused by a third party liability after the damages company pay to policyholder, ,the compa ny shall have the right to recover claim amounts paid to a policyholder from a negligent third party. Examplethe damage off child in school due to the negligent of the school The meaning of the principle of utmost penny-pinching faith is to point to insurance contract party conclude insurance contract, and in the period of hardship of the contract, shall e provided to each other the all information which may influence the contract. T the same time definitely abide by the provisions of the contract and commitment. Otherwise ,the damaged party ,can refuse to action the contract or ask compensation for the other party. Example When the policyholder ask for a car insurance,the insurance company must check the car condition ,and take photo,the policyholder must give all information of the car including accident record. Particular risk is risk due to personal behavior. Example Robbery,fighting or heartbreaking sport.

Analysis of selected passages from Othello by William Shakespeare Essay

When William Shakespe atomic number 18 made use of the hairdresser devices he thus tried to paint a multi-dimensional image of his perceptions that he extended in his characters public treasury the limits of reality and belief. And to design variety in this frame of multi-dimensionality Shakespeare not only expressed done the quarrel in the subscriber lines which the characters explicit rather the formation of the language and the lines besides revealed certain patterns that could be decoded to detect make up more subtle reasons and justification behind those expressions.Such flow and expertise of expressing the conceptions tinnot be taught easily through the science of writing rather it required the unschooled instinctive ability like Shakespeares to carry with the words with a unique skill of potency that post metamorphosed the words to survive as the active version of Shakespeares intellect and vision even after cosmos announceed by the characters in the play.In the following excerpts from the play Othello, there is a variety of Shakespeares usage of stylistic devices to typeset words in order to express the difference of thoughts, moods, connotations and beliefs of the protagonist (Othello) and also how the use of such words in a specific style cater in constructing the plot and developing the characters.Theres incantation in the web of it. A sybil that had numbered in the worldThe sun to course two hundred compasses,In her portentous fury sewed the workthe worms were hallowed that did break the silk,And it was colorful in mummy which the skillful keep the maidens hearts.These lines are from the IV scene of the Third Act of the play, and they are uttered on the grounds of misinterpret that is set by Iago in the mind of Othello. If we observe c relapsely these lines summarize the truth that Othello is ignorant nearly and the words reveal the irony that Othello has become a victim of. The use of the words like magic and web are justifiabl e elements of the speech of a contaminated brain and the word magic can be the symbol of Iagos spell of intoxication Othellos mind with suspicion and web can be the symbol for the perplexed state of Othellos mind, which lost the ability to think and trust his hold reasons. And the two hundred years old sibyl can be a metaphor for the evil stamp down minded Iago, whose prophetic fury fabricated the whole chaos to take his revenge.The silk can be speculated as a metaphor for the love of Desdemona that came out of her hallowed trust and faith. And the word dyed can be taken as a pun (when analyzing these lines from symbolic references), as the faithful and sacred love of Desdemona dyed or died within her maiden heart. The worth and value purposely exaggerated by Othello is a fine example of hyperbolic fantasies that Shakespeare is capable of designing. And thus the handkerchief becomes the symbol of the thin threaded family relationship of Othello and Desdemona that was based on su perficial beliefs and yet sought the possibility of sustenance of their love.It is the cause, it is the cause, my soul,Let me no denote it to you, you chaste starsIt is the cause, Yet Ill not shed her blood,Nor scar that whiter skin of hers than snow,And smooth as monumental alabaster,The above mentioned lines are from the Act V Scene II and anaphoric beginning of this passage is Othellos expression for his exalted emotional dichotomy of disbelief and love for Desdemona. The repetition of the phrase it is the cause are the words that come out of Othellos weeping brain that has been so badly eclipsed by the poisoning suspicion injected by Iago that it had totally become impotent of thinking on its own. As these lines are uttered during the climax of the play thus it is quite typical of Shakespeare that he lends his protagonist with an ample energy to utter dramatic and highly emotional phrases which let them have catharsis. The desperate utterance of my soul by Othello shows that possibly the only salvage left for his consolation is to confide in to his soul.Or my soul can also be taken as Othellos address to Desdemona as it can be observed that Othello even-tempered loves her in these lines. And from the ironic aspect the first line also conveys the meaning that it is the soul of Othello that can be taken as the cause of the whole tragedy, because if Othello had really loved Desdemona from his soul he would have had a complete trust in her love and honesty but since he believed more what he listened to and less(prenominal) what was known to him thus he became the victim of suspicion that proved fatal for him and his love. In the proceeding line the address to the stars is made by Othello to mock at Desdemonas infidelity.Stars have been used as a metaphor for their heavenly status for chastity. It can also be a reference to the Greek custom of naming the stars by the names of their gods and goddesses. Thus as Othello has completely lost his trust in his wi fe thus he consider her reference to be an insult for the stars. These lines depict the imbalance of Othellos index number to reason and think and express in coherence with his flow of emotions. In the later lines he reveals his intension to kill Desdemona, but unlike his valiance as a general, he prefers to strangle her because her physical sweetheart still absorbs his feelings in love and compassion for her.And being a black man himself he admire her fair skin and he refers to her with two different categories of symbols. The use of snow as a fiction conveys the softness and coldness of her fair physique which Othello never wanted to distort by killing with a weapon and the metaphor of monumental alabaster can be referred to the stiff and lifeless beauty of Desdemona that fixed with no worth for Othello anymore.I have seen the dayThat with this little arm and this good swordI have made my room through more impedimentsThan 20 times your stop. But O null boastWho can instruc tion his fate? Tis not so now.Be not afraid, though you do see me weaponed.Here is my journeys end, here is my butt,And very seamark of my utmost sail.These lines are uttered in the Act V Scene II which is almost the resolution of the play and it is one of Shakespeares particular(prenominal) characteristics that his tragic heroes lose the intensity and the energy of their rhetoric in the terminal scenes of the play. It is because of the reason that Shakespeare develops his tragic heroes to attain the status of being larger than life and thus speech loses its value when the characters become paranormal. In the above lines the most authorised aspect that one can notice is the tone of submission and retreat which is conveyed by the choice and scheme of words like little arm But O vain Boast and Who can control this fate? by Othello who was a valiant and unbeatable general but in these lines appears to be the discomfited and subjugated one in the hands of fate.These lines though do not consist of any special rhyme scheme that would help in bringing an effective poetic impact whilst delivering these lines on the period but the second line does show some signs of alliteration as the words made my way through more impediments as well as in the third line where the words twenty times are stressed and can be delivered with some high pitched voice by the character. But after these lines the tone changes as the desperation and despondency appear in the words. The last collar lines are symbolically referred by Othello to his death. And despite he is weaponed yet he is incapable to bit as he desires death due to his lamenting guilt and in vain repentance. In the last line the use of the metaphor seamark is an appropriate expression for Othellos choice of vocabulary as it adequately represents his experiences and knowledge as a sailor and warrior.

Man and Computer Symbiosis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

creation and Computer Symbiosis - Essay ExamplePreface analyses point out that the dependent partnership get out execute logical operations a lot more efficiently than man single-handedly elicit do them. Fundamentals for the achievement of the effectual, supportive association comprise developments in computer time distribution, in memory mechanism, in memory association, in scheduling languages, and in input and output tools. Man-computer symbiosis is a subset of man-machine setups. There ar a lot of man-machine setups. Presently, yet, there are no man-computer symbioses. The expectation is that, in a few years, human thinking and computing technology will be joined in project very strongly, and that the consequential company will think as human mind has never position and serve facts in a manner not moved toward by the data handling machines which is cognize at the present time.Nowadays computers are designed mainly to solve pre formulated problems or to process data in re gards to prearranged processes. The way of the computation can be conditional upon consequences acquired throughout the computation, but all(prenominal) the substitutes must be foretold earlier. If an unanticipated alternative occurs, the entire process stops the progress of and waits for the required credit of the program. The necessity for pre formulation or predetermination has occasionally no great drawback. It is frequently said that programming for a computing machine compels everyone to think visibly, that it controls the thinking process. If the user can think his problem beforehand, symbiotic connection with a computing machine is not essential. Though, various problems that can be ascertained earlier are very hard to think through beforehand. They would be simple to solve, and they might be solved quicker, during an instinctively guided trial and error process in which the computer collaborate, lengthen errors in the reasoning or exposing unforeseen twists in the soluti on. Further troubles cleanly cannot be prepared without computing machine abet. Poi-care expected the ruffle of an imperative group of probable computer users. One of the leading goals of man and computer symbiosis is to seduce the computing machine efficiently into the formularize elements of technological problems. The other major aim is strongly linked. It is to take away computing machines efficiently into procedures of thinking that must continue in actual time, time that travels very prodigal to allow using computers in traditional ways. Visualize trying, for instance, to direct a battle with the help of a computer on such an agenda as this. You prepare your problem in the present day. tomorrow you use up with a programmer. After a week the computer gives over 2 to 5 minutes to bring together your program and 50 seconds to analyzing the solution to your problem. You obtain a piece of physical composition 15 feet long, filled with numbers that, instead of having an ultimat e solution, only recommend a method that should be searched by imitation. Undoubtedly, the fight or battle would be ended earlier than the second step in its preparation was started. To imagine in contact with a computer in the similar means that you consider with a partner whose capability increase your own will call for very much airless combination among man and

Wind turbine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Wind turbine - screen ExampleAccording to the United States of Americas National Renewable Energy Laboratory(NREL), a teeny-weeny wind turbine is a type of turbine that is smaller than 1,000 kilowatts. They also have aero cable blades, vanes, current generators and lifetime bearing. It is, of course, my reform choice for the best turbine because it is less costly and mountain be effectively used in places with tart weather conditions(Dan F. & B. Dan, 2008). This makes it suitable as an energy source in places like telecom towers, rural schools and clinics, seaward platforms, grand residential and remote monitoring areas where there is no reliable electric grid coverage. This makes it as the best alternative source of power in such places.DesignFor this type of turbine to effectively and sufficiently perform its duties, it should be well designed and installed. This means that the necessary architectural procedures and materials should be put in place. Hence, a good one should ha ve an aerodynamic model to help in determining the maximal height of the tower and control the number and shapes of the blades used. A proper installation is essential for it to perform well. Meaning, they can either be mounted on a tower or a building as tall as 30 feet. This will definitely help it to be above any bulwark that can act as a barrier in their smooth operations.

Business Strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Business Strategies - Essay practiceThis essay discusses ways to develop and execute different Business Strategies. In the process of developing a Business Strategy the firm uses its competencies to gain, sustain and enhance its strategic or rivalrous advantage. The source of competitive advantage for any business operating in an industry arises from the skillful use of its core competences. A combination of organizational behavior and resources ultimately leads to the development of capabilities that a firm used to build competencies. These competencies be used to gain a competitive advantage against rivals in an industry. Competitive advantage results in in a higher place average returns to the company. Businesses need a set of strategies to secure competitive advantage. The concept of strategies is not consensual in personality and has signifi posteriortly evolved during the past decades, influencing the development of business dodge theories. In literature, it is usually co vered that one can distinguish four main theoretical approaches to business strategies. These business strategy theories can be sorted into four main approaches 1. Classical 2. Evolutionary 3. Processualist and 4. Systemic. All these approaches are covered in this essay as well as concepts developed by the main thinkers associated with these four main approaches Chandler, Ansoff, Porter, Cyert & March, Mintzberg, Pettigrew, Hannan & Freeman, Williamsons, Granovetter, Whitley. This essay also states that the nature of the power balance within organizations is an important consideration when discussing strategy development.... According to Mintzberg (1998), strategy emerges from a pragmatic process of learning and adaptation. in fact, the focus of this approach is the enterprises internal resources and their capacity to generate the firms competitive advantage. This implies that strategy is all about long term construction and consolidation of distinctive internal competences. In the equivalent way evolutionary strategies theories during 1980s state that environment is normally unpredictable to anticipate effectively and hence afterlife oriented planning becomes unrealistic. It is the market which makes the important choice not the managers as established by the sheer approach. For long term survival basically depends on best strategy which concentrates on maximizing chances of survival. The only if real comparative advantage is relative efficiency hence managers must concentrate on apostrophize leadership. In 1990s the systemic approach emerges, taking the relativist position and considering that the objectives and practices of strategy depends on the cultures and powers of the respective local systems. Strategies may pursue objectives other than profit maximization if their social background frames other interests for them (e.g. personnel pride, managerial power, excellence). In this view, the parameters that guide strategy drive not so much from human c ognitive bounds as from the cultural rules of the local society. As a result companies from different systems have different strategies i.e. strategies vary correspond to socio-political-economic systems & geographical locations. Almost all the strategies basically focus on private organizations and on competitive markets and consider profit maximization as their ultimate aim of strategy

Emplyee relations in the public sector have generally been conflict Essay

Emplyee relations in the earthly concern sector break generally been conflict ridden for some time. Discuss the reasons for this and what - Essay ExampleThe interaction of employees with one anformer(a) is an labor that will bear fruit for the nerve at large and make the industry realize the truthful potential of these employees in essence. This paper shall discuss the exact reasons why the employee relations are coming stack with the advent of age, and how solutions could be found for the problems that have marred the organizational philosophy for such a ache time (Gianaris 1996). What is needed is to inculcate feelings of tolerance and organizational harmony so that employee relations would bolster and the organization would grow and develop with the changing times. It will also examine the different issues which have cropped up and how these would ride as serious difficulties in the coming times. The role of the valet resources management department and the top managemen t is also essential because it would bring in sanity and a soothing feeling in spite of appearance the minds and police van of the employees, which shall transpire automatically within the organizational realms. Discussion on Employee Relations One must go through that employee relations in the present day and age would bring in the much touted lever and smell for the sake of the employees and the organization in the long run. ... to grow on their jobs and serve the masses but woefully this is a harsh reality as far as the public sector individuals are have-to doe with (White & Corby 1999). The employee relations also become a point of serious trouble when there are issues within the trade unions and the trade regimes which keep on coming up every now and then. This is a fact that employee relations would have to be improved and enhanced in order to make sure that the public views the entire domains of the public sector as a genuine one and which can deliver value and quality in the form of services for them, without any compromise. Since employee relations are dependent on how the rules and policies of the human resources management department are drafted, it is essential to know that the employee relations should always be understood from a balanced perspective to a greater extent than anything else. What this suggests is that more or less it is the relationship amongst the employees and the employers themselves which shall be affected in a number of different ways if the entire phenomenon of employee relations comes to a standstill (Singh 2006). Employee involvement is seen as a negative element more than anything else and thus employee empowerment is in essence absolutely lacking(p) within the business processes, tasks and activities in the organization. When an employee comes out clean with regards to his respective undertakings, it signifies his stance within the domains of the organization and not within the terrains that he is looking forward t o having. One must not forget that this is his work and more than that his attitude and the capacity to turn ideas into concepts which will bring him success at the end of the day. On the other hand, all these elements would seem to be a missing element when the employees

Public Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

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