Existentialist Curriculum on the Humanities

â€Å"I should seek not the way, but my way. † Rather than follow a strict set of rules about what school should or should not be like, the existentialist chooses his or her own vision of education. There is truly no one right way for students to learn or one method of teaching that is universally applicable. Existentialism classrooms therefore offer freedom for both educator and student. The existentialist model also encourages growth and creativity through limitless freedom. As Blaise Pascal said, â€Å"Live today as if you were to die tomorrow. According to this philosophy, the students and teachers would do whatever they felt inspired to do at that moment, and curriculum would be loose. The existentialist teacher eschews structure. The existentialist does not attempt to become a specialist because to do so is too restricting. I agree with the quote, â€Å"Specialization diminishes a man-He is a creature of knowledge, not the master of it. † I also appreciate the existentialist vision of education as a â€Å"conversation between persons in which each person remains a subject for the other, a conversation. With this viewpoint, the teacher is not authoritarian, and does not stand up in front of the class and lecture all day. Finally, the existentialist teacher helps students achieve self-realization. I agree that the purpose of education is more than just to memorize multiplication tables or vocabulary words. There is a reason why students don't like school, and if more teachers incorporated the fundamental philosophies of existentialism in their classrooms, more students would enjoy school. Learning would be more fun. I had an existentialist teacher in high school. The class was social studies, but we did not have a textbook. Rather, the teacher taught to us from Buddhist teachings and encouraged each student in the class to discuss the meaning of life. Instead of memorizing historical data, we learned how to think creatively about our world and about our own selves. The existentialist classroom can focus on any subject. In fact, the true existentialist classroom focuses on as many subjects as possible, and is not restricted to math, English, science, or history. However, when teaching restrictive subjects like math, the teacher uses highly creative methods rather than rote learning. The existentialist teacher brings in various multimedia materials, and welcomes technology as a tool for teaching. The teacher teaches whatever the students appear interested in on that day rather than force them to focus on one specific thing. The students and teacher might sit together in a circle, rather than in typical classroom format. Students are encouraged to tell stories and share jokes. They might perform some creative projects with art or music. Games are also encouraged. The existentialist class is frequently held outside on the lawn on sunny days, or alternatively, goes on a field trip to a park or wherever seems fun that day. If it's raining, the teacher might bring in a movie to teach a unit on cinematography or on a specific theme. The existentialist classroom also incorporates current events as a means to expand the students' awareness of their universe. Furthermore, the teacher imparts knowledge regarding psychological and social coping skills; the existentialist class is not about rote memorization of specific materials but rather on the big picture: the meaning of life and the life purpose behind education. The existentialist views humanity as integral in the perception of reality. Rather than see a physical universe â€Å"out there† that exists independently of the person as a realist would, the existentialist knows that human consciousness alters reality. Human beings are therefore active creators and participants in the universe. In order to better understand the metaphysical underpinnings of the universe we first need to better understand ourselves. The quote â€Å"Man is nothing other than what he makes himself† refers to the power of human consciousness in shaping personal as well as collective reality: we are what we think. Human beings are born with free will; free will is neither good nor an ideal; often free will is a source of our pain and suffering, for when we make mistakes we suffer the consequences. Therefore, free will enables human beings to make painful mistakes in order that we may learn and grow. Because of the absolute nature of free will, each person is ultimately responsible for his or her own actions. Knowledge is highly variable, and not as absolute as some may believe. An individual's knowledge depends on his or her interpretation of the world, and is also highly dependent on his or her personal value systems. Beliefs inform reality. While some knowledge has been codified, the codification of knowledge is not absolute. Human beings are continuously shifting our view of the universe, as our understanding expands and grows. Moreover, people in different cultures and from different backgrounds have different worldviews and therefore have different knowledge. No one form of knowledge is any more or less valuable than another, just different. Specialization is an attempt to own knowledge, to master something completely. However, specialization â€Å"diminishes the man† because specialization is by definition limiting. The existentialist teacher seeks as many different opinions as possible to enrich the conversation. Teaching is a process of conversation and collaboration, a back-and-forth sharing of ideas. All teachers must be aware of their limitations and not attempt to falsely represent themselves as â€Å"experts. † An existentialist curriculum will focus on the humanities because of the openness and creativity inherent in the humanities. Students actively participate; they don't simply sit back and try to absorb material from the teacher.

The Human Respiratory System: Diagnosis Questions

A)How could an infection in Cari’s nasal passage and pharynx spread into her sinuses? a. Her infection was able to spread to her sinuses because her sinuses became an area that her nasal passages and pharynx could drain into. In here the drainage just sat there and became a breeding ground for bacteria. B)What is the Cough Reflex? Describe the process that Cari’s respiratory system is using to clear her lungs by coughing? a. The cough reflex is used to get things like irritants and fluid which causes us to have sputum out of the nasal passage and pharynx.The cilia or little hairs that are in our trachea is trying to move that mucus and crap from her lungs because they don’t want it there so when there is too much mucus it triggers the cough reflex try to get it out to make more room. C)Which structures found in the terminal bronchioles and alveoli normally would protect Cari’s lungs from infectious pathogens and particulate fluid? a. The structure that wou ld normally help with this are the Macrophages. They are normal found in the terminal bronchioles and alveoli. D)How would the resistance of Cari’s airway be affected by excess mucus and fluid in her lungs? . It would cause her airway to have resistance because of the fluid buildup would cause her airway to be smaller in diameter. With all of the fluid in her lungs some of her alveoli would be under this fluid causing them not to be able to work like they should and causing friction. E)How would Cari’s lung compliance (the effort required to expand the lungs) be altered as her alveoli fill with fluid due to pneumonia? a. It would increase I believe because she will be working harder to gases In and out of the alveoli.F)How would fluid in Cari’s lungs affect her total lung capacity? a. Her overall lung capacity would be lowered or decreased because of all the fluid in there. With the fluid in there it is taking up all the space that she would normally use for air which means she can’t get as much air in her lungs. G)How does the elevation of Cari’s respiratory rate alter her minute ventilation? a. It would be alter becaused it would be raised. It raises it because she has more volume in her lungs. H)Normal blood oxygen saturation levels are greater than 94%.Cari’s blood oxygen saturation level was 90% at the time of her exam and an arterial blood gas analysis done when she was admitted to the hospital revealed her arterial Po2 was 54 mm Hg. How do these clinical findings relate to the internal respiration in Cari’s body? a. First a normal resting oxygen level should be 94% or higher with no oxygen supplements. A normal Po2 on a person resting is 40 mm Hg and if it was someone that was exercise it would be even lower so the 90% and 50 mmHg means that the arteries have too much oxygen. I)Which symptoms Cari has described are due to lack of oxygen and reduced oxygen exchanged at her tissues? . When she said â€Å"P anting like a dog†. This would be a symptom of what is going on. J)As Cari’s Pco2 rose, how was the oxygen –carrying capacity of hemoglobin affected? a. It will decrease since the CO2 will take oxygen place on the bus which means she will be getting more oxygen and the CO2 will be taken and gotten rid of. K)How would you have expected Cari’s decreased Pco2 and alkaline blood pH to have affected her breathing? a. Since her pH and Pco2 is decreasing so is her rate of breathing because she is not having to work as hard.

Synthesis of Dibenzalacetone by Aldol Condensation of Benzaldehyde and Lab Report

Synthesis of Dibenzalacetone by Aldol Condensation of Benzaldehyde and Acetone - Lab Report Example Under basic conditions, the carbonyl group of acetone having an alpha hydrogen atom is converted to an enolate ion (Mc Murry, 1999, pp. 939). The enolate ion thus produced is a strong nucleophile and attacks the carbonyl group of the â€Å"accepting partner†, which in this case is benzaldehyde (Mc Murry, 1999, pp. 939). An alkoxide is formed as a result of this nucleophilic attack. The alkoxide then undergoes protonation by H2O, forming a â€Å"neutral condensation product†, hydroxyketone. This undergoes dehydration in presence of NaOH, forming an enolate ion, hydroxyenolate, which then forms Benzalacetone by loss of a hydroxyl group. Benzalacetone also has alpha hydrogen, which again forms enolate ion under basic conditions, similar to the first step. This enolate nucleophilically attacks another Benzylaldehyde molecule. Subsequent reactions are similar to those already discussed, leading to the formation of dibenzalacetone, the final product. Thus, two molecules of be nzaldehyde and one molecule of acetone are required to form one molecule of dibenzalacetone. O O O CH3 – C – CH2 – H CH3 – C– CH2 – H – C – OH- Acetone Enolate ion- nucleophilic attack on benzaldehyde O OH O O- CH3 – C – CH2 – CH – CH3 – C – CH2 – CH – OH- ?-Hydroxyketone Alkoxide O OH O CH3 – C – CH- – CH – CH3 – C – CH = CH – Hydroxyenolate Benzalacetone O – CH = CH – C – CH = CH – Dibenzalacetone (iii) Experimental: Benzaldehyde (80  µl), acetone (29  µl), and ethanolic NaOH (1.0 ml) were used in this experiment. The reaction was carried out in a conical vial containing a magnetic spinvane, according to the procedure specified in the SC214 practical manual, page 41. Filtration of the product was done using a Hirsch funnel, and the Craig tube method was used for purification and recrystalliz ation of the product as per the SC214 practical manual, page 42. Melting point and IR spectrum were also obtained for the characterization of the product. (iv) Results: The weight and yield of the product (dibenzalacetone) are calculated as follows: (1) Calculation of mass of the product: Weight of glass= 37.458 g Weight of glass along with Dibenzalacetone crystals= 37.502g Therefore, mass of Dibenzalacetone crystals= 37.502 – 37.458 = 0.044g (2) Calculation of yield of the product: % Yield of Dibenzalacetone = Benzaldehyde is the limiting reactant in this experiment No. of moles of Dibenzalacetone= = = 0.001877 = 1.87 ? 10-4 moles No. of moles of Benzaldehyde= = = 0.000784 =7.84 ? 10-4 moles Since 2 benzaldehyde molecules are involved in each reaction, =7.84 ? 10-4/2 = 3.92 moles % yield of Dibenzalacetone= = = 0.477?100 = 47.7% Therefore, % yield of Dibenz

Nonverbal Communication- Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Nonverbal Communication- - Essay Example Similarly, executive success is dependent on intuition, hunches, or judgement, which â€Å"may have been derived from very specific information communicated nonverbally† (Fatt, 1998, p.1), although the manager may be unaware of the source of information. Environments cannot be easily distinguished because of their invisibility based on their ground rules, all-encompassing structure, and general patterns. However, this invisible environment is made discernible through nonverbal communication (Fatt, 1998). Further, service encounters involving interactions between employees and customers lead to customers’ evaluations of their service consumption experiences and perceptions of service quality. Hence, managerial implications include the identification of employee behaviors and approach that generate favorable responses from customer (Sundaram & Webster, 2000). Thesis Statement: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the importance of nonverbal communication in the bus iness environment. The Significance of Nonverbal Communication for Business Success The term communication style covers a wide range of both vocal and verbal attributes including â€Å"pitch, volume, and word choice, and nonverbal attributes such as gestures and facial expressions† (Fragale, 2004, p.94). ... xpressions (Tiedens, 2001), and subtle patterns of eye contact (Rosa & Mazur, 1979) may affect the way in which the individual is perceived by fellow group members. This consequently influences the individual’s status position within the group, states Fragale (2005, p.94). For a thorough comprehension of the assigning of status in task groups, it is essential to determine how specific communication behaviors impact individuals’ status positions. Examples are questions related to the status consequences of speaking loudly, or putting one’s feet on the desk. Similarly, for the purpose of â€Å"gaining status in a group, should an individual interrupt others, or wait quietly for a turn to speak?† (Fragale, 2005, p.94). The communication styles both through verbal and nonverbal behaviors, impact the status positions they achieve in their task groups. Earlier studies have demonstrated that status is more enhanced by being smart than by being social. On the othe r hand, Fragale (2005) argues that in some task groups status imrovement may occur through being social rather than smart. The author advances the idea that the characteristics of the group to which an individual belongs leads to status benefits through particular communication styles, based on structural and process differences between groups, and how the members’ words and actions are assessed (Fragale, 2005). The theory of Berger et al. (1986), of status cues argues that â€Å"task cues which contradict expectations based on categorical cues may reduce or overcome the effects of the latter on status processes† (Foddy & Riches, 2000, p.103). Two studies investigated the comparative influence of verbal fluency and ethnic accent on perceptions of competence, and on acceptance of influence in a group task. Study

Ways of Preventing Time Wastage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ways of Preventing Time Wastage - Essay Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that some of the drawbacks of time wastage are lowering of productivity, loss of priority activities, and lowering of physical/mental benefits. Some of the benefits of time wastage are recharging of the mind, building of working relationships, learning of new and precious skills, and development of hobbies. Generally, as the saying goes â€Å"all work with no play makes Jack a dull boy† time wastage can be beneficial; however, the benefits are on the individual basis and not for the entire nation or a given workforce. Most of the workers at the workplace are fond of checking their email inboxes. This tendency results into loss of precious time because this habit of sending emails to colleagues is addictive. This paper illustrates that constant email pop in and out always forms repetitive time wastage habit that cost the employers. It is estimated that constant email pop in and out is capable of reducing the worker’s output to ex tend where the output of production will lag by one product behind. Following the research was done by salary.com and AOL group in the USA it was established that one of the basic element things that consume a lot of time for the workers is internet surfing. Internet surfing involves constant email check-in and chatting in other social media like Skype, 2go, and Facebook. This problem of pop in and out of email inbox can be eliminated by restricting the checking up to three times for the whole day, it is recommended to schedule your email check-in for the morning, afternoon, and evening. Winging-it time can be defined as the time that an individual aimlessly spends while defining the important things that she/he need to do. For example, in driving some individuals waste a lot of time while aimlessly navigating lots of round-about instead of following a shortcut direction. Lack of drawn roadmap or targets for the end makes an individual to waste a lot of time in winging-it. In order to eradicate this winging-it time wastage an individual needs to prepare a list of tasks in the morning of all the activities that she/he should do, the creation of such a plan helps an individual to have to a scale of preference. Interruption magnet habit can also be referred to distraction that some people cause to others. Some co-workers are fond of creating disruptions to their fellow workers who might be busy working on some scheduled activities. Winging-it time can be defined as the time that an individual aimlessly spends while defining the important things that she/he need to do. For example, in driving some individuals waste a lot of time while aimlessly navigating lots of round-about instead of following a shortcut direction. Lack of drawn roadmap or targets for the end makes an individual to waste a lot of time in winging-it. In order to eradicate this winging-it time wastage an individual needs to prepare a list of tasks in the morning of all the activities that she/he s hould do, the creation of such a plan helps an individual to have to a scale of preference. Interruption magnet habit can also be referred to distraction that some people cause to others. Some co-workers are fond of creating disruptions to their fellow workers who might be busy working on some scheduled activities. This interruption magnet habit can eliminate through putting the phone on silence mode, doing tasks that divided attention has no influence over and maybe choosing to close your office door. Individuals should also learn to prioritize their tasks as very vital since this would prevent them to avoid interruptions from their co-workers. The habit of procrastination can also be referred to as those habits that waste precious time such as face booking, playing spider solitaire, and gazing at the window. Elimination of silent can be achieved through draw up or structuring the day's tasks.

Service blueprint Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Service blueprint - Research Paper Example This research proposal will establish the effects of service blueprint on Ikea the furniture store. This proposal will focus on the relationship between service blueprint and the furniture store’s performance. In addition, it will give way to the collection and analysis of data from appropriate sources in order to answer the research problem. Service blueprint is essential in the determination of the performance of a furniture store. The success of furniture storage in Ikea is influenced by the manner in which the management tailors the service processes and operations to boost the productivity of the Ikea furniture storage .This concept immensely contributes to the success of a firm given the value-chain analysis concerned with the service blueprint (Giriappa 56). However, the principle can be used to boost the performance of a firm. This is because the manufacturing sector can lead to the refurbishment of the infrastructure. Evaluation for service processes can be employed in order to enhance response to variances. Consequently, productivity of a firm will to increase. This will lead to the going concern of a furniture store. Most entities have many activities, which result in the difficulties in the critical evaluation of the value-adding service processes. Service blueprint is also based on the assumption that produc ts consume activities, which in turn consume resources of an entity (Ledderhos 48). This system assigns cost of the activities done in the process of production with regard to the resources used in these activities. Then the activity costs are allocated to the products and services. This assigning of cost to products is done using specific ratios of their workloads. This system establishes the exact portion of resources consumed by a particular product. This is aimed at means using the profitability or loss of producing a certain good. In addition, this information helps in determination of the most

MGT 501 SLP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

MGT 501 SLP - Essay Example On the contrary, I was pleasantly surprised by my score in the quiz on African affairs. This is because I have not particularly taken a course to do with African affairs, and yet I got only one question wrong. 2.0 How Culturally Aware Am I? From my experience in dealing with people from various cultural backgrounds, I have learnt that I have strength in establishing mutually beneficial relationships with culturally different people. Sometimes, a person from a different cultural background and I can reach a mutual agreement on how to do something, even though we do not particularly hold the same views. Most of the times, this is achieved through compromise and an evaluation of which way best suits the situation, thus ascribing to the â€Å"my way and their way† form of cultural awareness (Gardenswartz & Rowe, 2001). In such cases, therefore, I chose to appreciate our cultural differences and not try to force similarities. This way, if the chosen way does not work, we can always resort to the way of the other culture, where possible. This has taught me that there is no single culture that has â€Å"one best way† of doing something (Gardenswartz & Rowe, 2001). Nonetheless, I recognise that I am not fully culturally aware. Although I recognise that there are different cultures, I am sometimes biased in passing cultural judgments on people. For example, I question the necessity of bowing to a senior person while greeting them, as the Chinese do. I sometimes think that such an action portrays inferiority on the part of the person doing the bowing. In addition, I am particularly judgmental of those cultures that, for example, still practice female circumcision in Africa. I question their beliefs and end up convinced that nothing could, in my culture, rationalise such practices. My primary step is devising ways of appreciating people, given that I am familiar with the fact that I am capable of building rapport with people from numerous cultures and I inte nd to build on that. Next in plan should be identifying the reasons why some persons from some cultural milieu conduct themselves in a specific way whilst others react to other situations in a different way. Later on, I should use my connections with persons from varied cultures to allow me to gain a clear understanding of their conduct and opinions. Consequently, I will get to a point where I am on recognisable terms with the fact that I have an approach of doing things, while a different person has their way of conducting themselves. I think I should first of all do more research, for instance, on why some Africans observe female genital mutilation, so as to evade my shortcoming in making judgment on the culture of other persons. I believe more research will allow me to be more knowledgeable of the reasons why female genital mutilation is such a critical ritual of passage. Secondly, I should endeavour to put myself in the situation of the person I criticise on the basis of their c ulture and see if I would have done anything in a different way, if I were the one in the alleged culture. 3.0 The Significance of Cultural Understanding to Managers It is fundamental in a managerial setting that managers increase their levels of cultural awareness, as this goes a great mile in determining the outcome of organisational activities. As Gardenswartz and Rowe (2001) put it, a manager may be required to pass information to employees, or to solve conflicts among employees. Since the workplace is

British Newspaper Industry Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

British Newspaper Industry - Case Study Example The result was the Press Complaints Commission (PCC), which was established in 1991 to strengthen and magnify the self-regulatory functions of the Press Council, which was the industry's regulatory body for nearly 40 years. In scope and coverage, the old Press Council was limited since its membership was confined to newspaper publishers. For a change, the PCC was constituted in such a way that its membership would be shared equally between representatives of the newspaper industry and those coming from the cross-section of British society. At present, the PCC consists of 16 members, eight of whom are publishers, editors and practicing journalists and the eight others are laymen. This lends the council an image of independence, free from possible influence of both the newspaper industry and government. For the same reason, the council left out government as possible source of its operational budget and instead relied on the largesse of newspaper companies whose funding contribution is arranged on a pro-rata basis. Publishers contribute a levy to PCC based on their companies' market share, with the Press Standards Board of Finance, an entirely separate body, collecting the money. In essence, the PCC receives and resolves complaints from members of the general public about the editorial content of newspapers, magazines and other periodicals. The report in question may be false and inaccurate as to put someone in a bad light. It could be misleading or intrudes into a person's right to privacy. Whatever the complaint brought to the attention of PCC, it tries to settle the case within 25 working days without any charges from the complaining public. So far, its service has been described as quick and efficient (PCC handbook). Once the PCC receives a complaint, which could be by regular mail, telephone, fax or e-mail, it starts by assessing if there is a valid cause for action. If there is, the council then refers the complaint to the concerned newspaper, which is obliged to run it in full without any embellishment that might distort the meaning of the complaint. In 2005, PCC received 3,654 complaints, of which 2 out of 3 involved inaccurate reporting and 1 out of 5 alleged intrusion into privacy. Of the complaints that don't involve breach of journalistic ethics, 9 out of 10 are resolved without the slightest delay (PCC). Pinkerton, R. (2002) observes that 97 percent of all the complaints PCC handles from year to year are resolved in favor of the complainants. Only 3 percent is tossed to the regular courts for adjudication because an apology would not suffice in these cases, or the editors cited in the complaints are convinced they have done no wrong and believe the courts will vindicate them. PCC ensures that it is accessible to all by operating Helpline, a 24-hour Advice Line, an Internet site and a Textphone service. Helpline assists everyone in lodging a complaint, while the Advice Line handles urgent complaints round the clock. The Textphone service provides assistance to people with hearing defects and the website makes relevant information available. The PCC also runs regular public service ads on how to make a complaint against erring newspapers in various minority languages

Persuasive Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Persuasive - Research Paper Example iated with drug use is via a lens of public health applying accurate, drug based education to the society and efficient drug treatment for problematic appliance. Harm reduction policies centers and focus on personal choices and safe habits for drug use (Klebber, 1994). Harm reduction policies have proved to be a better and viable approach in dealing with drug related problems in society since its main approached to dealing with the issue involves using individuals and community without necessary reducing or stopping drug use but educating the public on the harms associated with drug use. Decision makers and practitioners are accountable for their decisions and intervention measures. Principles of harm reduction encourage consultation, debate and dialogue which gives room to wide range of stakeholders to be engaged in policy development, delivery, evaluation and program implementation. During this process, people who use drugs and the entire community are involved in making decisions that affect them. Harm reduction is very essential in fighting drug use in that it uses a humane approach to assist people change risky behaviors. It is humane since you have to meet people in their own terms rather than confronting them on yours by encouraging them to give up on risky behaviors. Harm reduction is a realistic approach because it advocates for responsible use of currently illegal drugs (Nadelman, 1994). Harm reduction practitioners advocate for the importance of nay positive change that drug users and affected communities make in their lives. More so, harm reductions intervention measures are more facilitative rather than forceful and based on the needs of the individual. As such, harm reduction policies are made to meet people’s demands. Some public laws or policies aims at reducing the harms linked to the use of tobacco and alcohol involve tightening restrictions imposed on intoxicated drinking and smoking restrictions. In addition, harm reduction policies have

Kit Kat Company Essay Example for Free

Kit Kat Company Essay 1: INTRODUCTION Kit Kat started in August 29 in 1935 in York by Rowntree, in 1973 Kit Kat entered in Japan market. In 1988, Nestle took over the Kit Kat ( Kit Kat, 2014). Today, Kit Kat is very successful in Japan, Kit Kat has more then two hundred different products in Japan, it help Kit Kat get more and more market share in Japan( Kit Kat, 2014). More and more people think Kit Kat is like a logo in Japan, because there are some special Kit Kat products only selling in Japan. Kit Kat success in Japan is the fact, but why Kit Kat is successful in Japan, it must be affect with generic strategy. Kit Kat using the right strategy to help them success. Generic strategy is very important for the company, it will help the company increase the competitive. When the Kit Kat choose the right generic strategy, it will help the company more stronger, they can get more market shares, help the company to be successful. 2. Generic Strategy Generic strategy was described by Micheal Porter in 1979, Porter’s generic strategy is talking about how a company increase the competitive advantage in their chosen market. There are three generic strategy, cost leadership, differentiation or focus, focus is about two different way, cost focus or differentiation focus (Oxlearn.com, 2014). Cost leadership strategy means save the cost in the organization help the company to increase the competitive advantage. For example: Wal-Mart, they are using cost leadership, they are very successful, they find the cheap domestic suppliers and from low-wage foreign markets, they keep the cost and using  the lower price selling to the customers (Small Business Chron.com, 2014). Differentiation strategy means a company using many different products to increase the competitive advantage and get more market shares. For example, Apple company is a very successful in the world, they have many different products, iPhone, iPad, iPod, Mac, Watch, etc. They are using different products to improve themselves, help the company to get more customers and market shares. Focus strategy is including cost focus and differentiation focus. The different with cost focus and differentiation focus is focus the cost or products differentiation. Cost focus is focus the cost, use the lower cost to improve the competitive advantage. Differentiation focus is a company try to produce the different products in the new market take the company more stronger, increasing the competitive advantage. Kit Kat is a successful company in the world, they are using cost leadership strategy and differentiation strategy. There are some reasons for why Kit Kat chosen cost leadership strategy. Lower cost raw materials. Kit Kat owned by Nestle SA. Kit Kat is selling chocolate, when they making the products, the need the raw materials, for example: sugar, milk, coffee and cocoa. Nestle SA is doing business with this raw materials, so they can use the cheaper prices to get the raw materials (MarketWatch, 2014). That will help the company to reduce the cost, it means Kit Kat can use the lower price to selling their product and keep the profit, increase the competitive advantage. Retail. In January 15 2014, the world’s first Kit Kat opened in Tokyo (Ashcraft, 2014). Before 2014, Kit Kat do not have any store, they only selling in the other shops. All of the customer can buy the Kit Kat from the supermarket or shops. It can help the company save the cost. They are selling in the supermarket can help the company, they do not need to hire more employees and open the own shop they need to spend more cost. Today they opened the first store in Tokyo, but customer also can buy the Kit Kat from the supermarket or in other shops, it can help the company get more customer and increase the competitive advantages. There are some reasons for why Kit Kat chosen differentiation strategy. The strategy customer. Kit Kat has more then 200 different products in Japan. There are more then forty products are only selling in Japan, for example: Wasabi, Strawberry Cheesecake, Lemon Vinegar, and Cucumber (Break with Kit Kat, 2014). Kit Kat  produces many different products, that is achieve the differentiation strategy, they try to use the differentiation to improve the company. Different people has different taste, need and want, so different will get more and more customer to buy the products, different product is suitable to different customers. That is the reason why different products can increase the competitive advantage for the company. All of the different products have their own package, different colour and different weight. In 1942, Kit Kat fist time selling the blue Kit Kat in the market, in 1949, Kit Kat start to selling red Kit Kat in the market, after that, Kit Kat produced more and more different Kit Kat, for example, in 1990s Kit Kat start to selling the Nestle Macintosh Corporation ( Kit Kat, 2014). Japan is a developed country, people want to improve the quality of life, so they need more different products, they want more different experience. Everyones life is different, so they have different demand, students, workers and old people have different need, today you can find much more different Kit Kat in Japan, anyone can choose different Kit Kat for them. Different Kit Kat has own colour, people like different colour, so different colour can keep different customer and different weight is suitable for different customer, for example, if one family like eating Kit Kat, they need more weight, can help them save time, do not need to buy many times, so bigger weight is suit for them. Key competito rs. Kit Kat is doing business with chocolate, but there are some chocolate industry in the world, for example:Ferrero brands, Mars brands and Cadbury brands. They are also doing the business with chocolate, the are also very successful, so Kit Kat need to improve the competitive advantage. Other brand do not have much different products, but Kit Kat have many different products, it will help Kit Kat easy to get the customer. Kit Kat is owned by Nestlà © SA which also owns a range of other product brands, from 2007 to 2012, the market share only changed 0.7%, that mean differentiation help the Kit Kat keep the market shares (Break with Kit Kat, 2014). Kit Kat’s target market is men and women of all ages, so different products can help Kit Kat keep the market shares. All of the chocolate company selling the products in Japanese market, the number of customers is fixed, so Kit Kat is using differentiation strategy to increase the competitive advantage, when Kit Kat  fight with other company in the market, they are more stronger, they can get more market shares, help the company more successful. 3. Ebola and Kit Kat Ebola virus is an infectious disease, this disease has a high risk of death (Who.int, 2014). First cases notified in March 2014 in west Africa.(Who.int, 2014). It affect the price of cocoa, in November the price of cocoa up twenty percent, before November it was up to thirty-five percent to forty percent (PBS NewsHour, 2014). West Africa is the worlds largest cocoa origin, when Ebola virus found in west Africa, that affect the cocoa trade, many farmer in Ebola virus disease, because this disease has a high risk of death, so much of the farmer died of Ebola virus disease, so they lose a lot of labor, they do have enough people to working with the cocoa, so the chocolate company can not buy the enough cocoa, demand higher then supply, the price of cocoa will going up. In USA, all of the price of chocolate increase ten cents for each Kit Kat. Kit Kat is a chocolate company, cocoa is the most important raw material, they need the cocoa to make the chocolate, but the price of cocoa going up, so they need to spend more cost on the cocoa, but they did not pass all the cost to the customers, so in 2014 the sales slump seven percent (FoodNavigator-USA.com, 2014). Kit Kat can use operational level strategy. Operational level strategy A plan that details how a business will use its production resources to meet its goals. Many business managers will put together a detailed operation strategy in order to clearly present to subordinate staff their plans for how their portion of the business should function in order to attain its objectives (BusinessDictionary.com, 2014). The price of cocoa up around twenty percent is about the global economy, so all of the chocolate companies are increase the costs, they also need the cocoa to produce the products. If Kit Kat is using cost same like other time, they also want to keep the profit, they must transfer the cost to the customer, it means increase the price of the Kit Kat, but Kit Kat can choose to reduce the cost in the transport or other please, they also can find the cocoa supplies from other countries, help them to reduce the cost. Seventy percent cocoa from west Africa, there are also thirty percent cocoa they can find, using the cocoa from other may be is cheaper, try to save the cost in the other places, for example: package,  or transportation. Kit Kat can find the cheaper other raw materials, help the company to reduce the cost. When Kit Kat try to save the cost in other places, do not increase the price of products, they can increase the competitive advantage, help the company keep the customer and market shares. 4. Conclusion Kit Kat is a very successful company in Japan. Kit Kat is start from 1935 to now, Kit Kat has 79 years history. In this 79 years, Kit Kat from a small business becoming this successful company, because they are using the right strategy, right strategy can help the company service and becoming more stronger. They have more the four hundred different products, they can fight with the Ferrero brands, Mars brands and Cadbury brands, and becoming same with that brands, even more successful in Japan. Different strategy suit for different situation and different company, there is not best strategy, there is only suitable strategy, a strategy may be can take the company more and more successful or closed. 5. List of References Kit Kat. 2014. KitKat History. [ Online]. Available from: http://nestle.jp/brand/kit/about/history/ [Accessed 22 DEC 2014]. Oxlearn.com, (2014) Oxford Learning Lab Watch it Learn it Badge it. [ Online]. Available from: http://www.oxlearn.com/arg_Marketing-Resources-Porter%27s-Generic-Strategies_11_33 [Accessed 28 December 2014]. Small Business Chron.com, (2014) Examples of Cost Leadership Strategy Marketing. [ Online]. Available from: http://smallbusiness.chron.com/examples-cost-leadership-strategy-marketing-12259.htm l [Accessed 28 December 2014]. MarketWatch, (2014) Nestle keeps view on raw material inflation. [ Online]. Available from: http://www.marketwatch.com/story/nestle-keeps-view-on-raw-material-inflation-2012-08-09 [Accessed 28 December 2014]. Ashcraft, B. (2014) The Worlds First Kit Kat Store Is Opening in Tokyo, Kotaku. [ Online]. Available from: http://kotaku.com/the-worlds-first-kit-kat-store-is-opening-in-tokyo-1501753395 [Accessed 28 December 2014]. Break with Kit Kat, (2014) Global Business Strategy. [ Online]. Available from: http://breakwithkitkat.weebly.com/global-business-strategy.html [Accessed

Globalisations Impact On British American Tobacco Economics Essay

Globalisations Impact On British American Tobacco Economics Essay There are many definitions and understandings of the term globalisation which can be found from many sources. The writers understanding of the term globalisation is that operations all around the world are growing more and more interdependent on goods and services in a way that nationality doesnt serve as a boundary any more. The actual and potential, positive and negative impacts of globalisation can be limitless and are depending on which views are taken and what operation it is applied to. It is easier to limit the amount of data viewed through a PESTLE analysis on the subject company. Multinational enterprises (MNEs) are the entities that are most usually associated with globalisation other than countries. They have a headquarters in one home country but have operations and assets in other countries. These MNEs have to always be very sensitive and sensible when operating or planning to operate in foreign environments. They have to plan and react quickly to adapt to foreign environments and all other factors that might affect productivity and support of foreign operations. Alternatively, other than building new operations which may or may not work in a new environment, MNEs can also acquire successful business models or acquire successful operations if their finances allow them doing so. With businesses come investments. When a MNE invests in a foreign nation or foreign environment, is it called a foreign direct investment (FDI). Most countries are very welcoming to FDIs. It is a help to their economy when a foreign investment comes in. Some countries go to great lengths to improve their infrastructure and support systems as well as other financial attractions such as tax rebates or preferential tax discounts for a certain period of time. This is because FDIs result in not only a boost of currency into their economy, it also implies much jobs made for locals to take up and can mean well improvement for the local community. This can for the short and long term well boost and improve the standard of living for the local communities employed to assist in operations of the MNE. 1.2 Globalisation on British American Tobacco (BAT) BAT as its namesake was formed as a joint venture between Imperial Tobacco of the United Kingdom and American Tobacco of the United States. BAT was an answer to an intense trade war which provided a solution to both founding companies and allowed for more freedom and growth of the tobacco industry by their means (British American Tobacco Our history, 2010). As of such, even the beginning of BAT can be seen an effect of globalisation. It was formed between founding companies of different nationalities and now has operations of production, manufacture and marketing in at least 36 countries (British American Tobacco p.l.c. (BAT) Group websites, et al 2010). Dealing in business with the tobacco industry for around 98 years, BAT has had to be very sensitive and quick to respond to global issues regarding their operation all around the world in many countries. In their effort of attaining their vision which is to achieve leadership of the global tobacco industry, BAT has expanded their operations by building and acquiring successful business models in at least 36 countries (British American Tobacco Our strategy, 2010). The FDI provided by BAT is extensive and very welcome in all these assisting nations. Even though there is a social stigma that tobacco companies are facing controversy such as pollution and being harmful to their users, it is a well known and concrete fact that the tobacco industry is a well rewarding industry for all the players, stake holders and share holders involved. That being said, BAT does not ignore the pleas and demands of local and international non-governmental organisations (NGOs) as well. BAT employs a substantial effort in reducing the inherent risks a cigarette user has to face such as reducing tar in their cigarettes. BAT also has efforts in protecting the environment which will be explained in more detail in later parts of this document. In the following pages will be a PESTLE analysis of BAT facing globalisation and suggestions which could improve their conditions in facing these challenges. 2.0 PESTLE analysis of BAT facing globalisation 2.1 Political analysis of BAT facing globalisation Globally BAT is well known as a MNE which brings many successful tobacco brands into international operation. BAT is not seen as facing any direct political pressure since 1937 when Japan invaded China and caused cigarette sales to cease for more than 4 years. The tobacco industry along with BAT does seem to face some pressure from certain NGOs but that will be explained further in the following segments. 2.2 Economic analysis of BAT facing globalisation BAT as an MNE provides good and services expected of a player in the tobacco industry. BAT rewards their share holders and stake holders very well. The FDI invested by BAT brings employment opportunities and development to most of the countries they invest in. Tobacco is the worlds most widely cultivated non-food crop. Even in countries that do not have tobacco manufacturing, tobacco distribution is an important source of economic activity. Tobacco taxes are a major source of revenue for almost every government in the world (British American Tobacco Tobaccos economic contribution, 2010). 2.3 Socio-cultural analysis of BAT facing globalisation As mentioned before, the tobacco industry along with BAT faces stigma for its products which bring inherent risks to their users. It is obvious that if you burn anything and inhale the smoke you would eventually damage your lungs. Consumers are now growing more aware of this and BAT has responded by efforts to reduce tar and other contaminants in their products. BAT still markets the aroma, flavour, taste and texture of their products along with the image. BAT maintains that it is the user who decides whether or not they want to expose themselves to the risks of smoking cigarettes (British American Tobacco Malaysia Should smokers smoke less or lower tar?, 2010). 2.4 Technological analysis of BAT facing globalisation BAT is also dependent on the state of technology that the country they invest in. The process begins from farming of tobacco crops, to processing of tobacco, to manufacture of tobacco products and eventually delivery of tobacco products. Low tech processes such as farming and curing of tobacco can also lend their techniques to farmers who can apply those techniques to other crops. The manufacture of tobacco is a highly automated and high technology process which involves building factories around the world and securing the best machinery (British American Tobacco Manufacturing, 2010). Delivery of tobacco and tobacco products rely on transport and infrastructure logistics which need cooperation with the government to provide the best infrastructure which will also benefit the citizens of the nation. 2.5 Legal and legislative analysis of BAT facing globalisation BAT is not seen to be a culprit in the eyes of legal and legislative power in any reports. The tobacco industries along with BAT are in fact victims to illicit trade as a result of high priced cigarettes due to high taxes imposed on tobacco products all over the world. Illicit trade could expose users to more risks as counterfeit products can not guarantee the high standard and qualities that BAT maintains. There are also links that illicit trade could fund other more sinister illegal activities (Tobacco Underground | Articles, 2010). BAT is also interested in battling child labour and working with the United Nations (UN) in countries where human rights are abused such as MÃ ©xico and Brazil (British American Tobacco Eliminating Child Labour in Tobacco Growing Foundation, 2010). 2.6 Environmental analysis of BAT facing globalisation Tobacco products are results of the tobacco crops and that is why BAT has placed high emphasis on renewable productivity and enhancing use of natural resources. BAT has efforts in ecosystem and biodiversity protection (British American Tobacco Biodiversity Partnership, 2010), protection of woodlands and renewal of firewood through afforestation programmes (British American Tobacco Afforestation programmes, 2010). BAT aims to be self sufficient in its operations so that they dont add burden to the damaged environment. 3.0 Illicit trade of tobacco products The international tobacco industries along with BAT are facing a loss and a threat from the growing scourge of illicit trade. Illicit trade includes contraband, counterfeit and smuggled tobacco products. The reason for this on going phenomenon is because of the ever increasing price of cigarettes. Smuggled tobacco products are the least harmful of the illicit trade. Usually they are smuggled from areas where taxes are non existent or significantly lower than the targeted areas of sales. This eats into the profits of BAT and affects profits of shareholders, stakeholders and governments in the form of lost taxes. Contraband is similar so smuggled products but it might be more damaging than smuggled items are the sources of contraband could be from theft, hijacking of delivery trucks, breaking and entering of shipment crates and other violent and damaging methods (Tobacco Underground | Articles, 2010). Counterfeit could be the most dangerous form of illicit trade to the user. The user is attracted to illicit trade as prices of counterfeit are far more affordable than authentic tobacco products. What the user does not suspect is that the counterfeit product does not hold the high standards and quality of BAT and could cause more risks and damage to the users health and overall wellbeing. The losses from illicit trade not only cause losses to BAT and their accompanying share holder and stake holders. It also undermines the abilities of BAT to return the profits to the government in the form of taxes. Purchasers of illicit tobacco items could also be shocked to know that they could be indirectly financing terrorist activities of violent terrorists such as al-Qaeda and the Real Irish Republican Army (IRA) (Tobacco Underground | Articles Terrorism and Tobacco, 2009). 3.1 Recommendations on the struggle against illicit trade They consumers are the people supporting illicit trade. There should be more education programmes and campaigning that could be done to educate the public against the ills of illicit trade. The buyers might stop if they know the illicit products they purchase are possibly linked to violence, abuse, and terrorism. They might also switch back to original tobacco products if they learn that counterfeit tobacco producers do not carry out as much research and development work and ensure a high quality and standard which aims to satisfy user demands and reduce the inherent risks of smoking. It is high time that the governments of countries worldwide realise that illicit trade in tobacco causes all the above damages and on top of that also reduces the tax money that the governments could potentially be paid. It is partly due to the governments high taxes on tobacco products that illicit trade occurs. The funds collected from taxes on legitimate tobacco product sales can be put to good use such as the wide and varying governmental functions. The government should further act on its part by enforcing laws against illicit trade. There are in existence laws and policies against illicit trade but they are simply not enforced to an acceptable level which can decrease the rate of illicit trade. 4.0 BATs damage to mankind and its environment BAT is with the rest of the tobacco industry is an industry which grows and profits from burning plants which produce pollutants and risk damaging the user and the people around the user. The environment is also affected through a means of mass miniscule repetitive non systematic open burning. As a means of providing primitive fertilisers, untrained, unprofessional and inexperienced farmers burn wood harvested from woodlands. This is the first instance of burning. When crops are harvested, there is a process called curing which is sometimes accelerated through means of inefficient burning which helps dry the tobacco leaves in a shorter time. This is the second instance of burning. When the crops are cured, they are transported by land, sea or air to the factories to be made into cigarettes or other forms of tobacco products. Indirectly, the burning of fuels by the land, sea or air transport is the third instance of burning. When the tobacco reaches the factories, the tobacco is put into various automated processes which will eventually turn the cured tobacco into cigarettes or other forms of tobacco products. Indirectly, by the use of power needed move the machinery in the factories, there are carbon fuels being used by power generators. This is the fourth instance of burning. Then there is another instance of burning by transport of the finished tobacco product from the factory to the storage facilities or warehouses and another instance when transporting the said tobacco products to the retailers. Finally when the consumer purchases and starts to light and inhale the cigarette smoke, this is assumed to be the seventh and last stage of burning. Burning is not the only pollution. There is a chance of littering which the tobacco product user might contribute to. Throughout the production process, there are also chances that those involved in the production process are also smoking cigarettes themselves. From this simple short journey, we can see at least seven stages of burning and carbon emissions being released. It is wishful thinking to say that BAT is unaware of this but wishes to contribute to environmental efforts. 4.1 Recommendations on BATs environmental efforts Carbon emissions are only one of BATs environmental damage which it can help address. Through thorough research and development (RD), BAT has managed to discover certain techniques which help in irrigation of pesticides and fertilisers which can improve efficiency and effectiveness in farming of tobacco crops. There are also plans in the future to genetically modify (GM) tobacco crops to be hardier, more resistant to pests and infections and produce more yield per crop and yield sooner than traditional non GM tobacco crops (British American Tobacco Leaf research, 2010). BAT also invests time in properly training their farmers so that they can receive the best results with the shortest amount of time. Farmers are given practical training on optimal farming techniques which the farmers can then apply on other crops as well (British American Tobacco Social Responsibility in Tobacco Production, 2010). BAT encourages their farmers to plant their own renewable sources of wood for fuel in countries where wood is used as fuel. It is generally to offset carbon emissions by planting more greens. This is attributed to the effect of plants absorbing carbon dioxide as they grow (British American Tobacco Afforestation programmes, 2010). 5.0 Conclusion In conclusion, although BAT is a highly successful MNE which produces much monetary profit for their share holders, stake holders and foreign invested governments; BAT still has reasons to improve and be a more productive entity. In dealing with the scourge of illicit trade, they have to be more proactive and cooperate with governments of the world to engage and discourage tobacco product users from supporting illicit trade. If illicit trade is eliminated, more of the funds from purchases of legitimate tobacco products would flow back into the legitimate tobacco companies and the governments that they pay their taxes to. In dealing well with the environment, BAT is doing well but still can improve on conservational and preservation efforts. With more RD, BAT should be able to uncover more ways to reduce environmental damage throughout their operations and also seeks ways to harness the use of natural resources more efficiently. In doing so, BAT can secure the environment as a renewable resource which can be better utilised in the future.

Henry David Thoreau - Conservationist, Visionary, and Humanist :: Biography Biographies Essays

Henry David Thoreau - Conservationist, Visionary, and Humanist He spent his life in voluntary poverty, enthralled by the study of nature. Two years, in the prime of his life, were spent living in a shack in the woods near a pond. Who would choose a life like this? Henry David Thoreau did, and he enjoyed it. Who was Henry David Thoreau, what did he do, and what did others think of his work? Henry David Thoreau was born in Concord, Massachusetts on July 12, 1817 ("Thoreau" 96), on his grandmother's farm. Thoreau, who was of French-Huguenot and Scottish-Quaker ancestry, was baptized as David Henry Thoreau, but at the age of twenty he legally changed his name to Henry David. Thoreau was raised with his older sister Helen, older brother John, and younger sister Sophia (Derleth 1) in genteel poverty (The 1995 Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia 1). It quickly became evident that Thoreau was interested in literature and writing. At a young age he began to show interest writing, and he wrote his first essay, "The Seasons," at the tender age of ten, while attending Concord Academy (Derleth 4). In 1833, at the age of sixteen, Henry David was accepted to Harvard University, but his parents could not afford the cost of tuition so his sister, Helen, who had begun to teach, and his aunts offered to help. With the assistance of his family and the beneficiary funds of Harvard he went to Cambridge in August 1833 and entered Harvard on September first. "He [Thoreau] stood close to the top of his class, but he went his own way too much to reach the top" (5). In December 1835, Thoreau decided to leave Harvard and attempt to earn a living by teaching, but that only lasted about a month and a half (8). He returned to college in the fall of 1836 and graduated on August 16, 1837 (12). Thoreau's years at Harvard University gave him one great gift, an introduction to the world of books. Upon his return from college, Thoreau's family found him to be less likely to accept opinions as facts, more argumentative, and inordinately prone to shock people with his own independent and unconventional opinions. During this time he discovered his secret desire to be a poet (Derleth 14), but most of all he wanted to live with freedom to think and act as he wished. Immediately after graduation from Harvard, Henry David applied for a teaching position at the public school in Concord and was accepted. However, he refused to flog children as punishment. He opted instead to

Alaska Drillings :: essays papers

Alaska Drillings Drilling for oil in Alaska’s Arctic Wildlife refuge will not solve our nation’s energy crisis, but it will destroy one of the worlds most unique animal habitats. The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge would satisfy only six months' worth of the nation's oil needs while oil drilling would "destroy" a wilderness that is home to the 150,000 animals of the Porcupine animal group. Our nations natural refuges should not be turned to destruction when a solution to a problem can be found else where. In addition to not being economically productive, drilling for oil will do nothing to help energy shortages experienced throughout the United States, while still destroying one of the only habitats of its kind in the world. Despite common thought, the Alaskan refuge is not a snow covered desert. It is important to what exactly would be destroyed if the United States decides to drill for oil. The Arctic Refuge is among the most complete and undisturbed ecosystems on earth. The Arctic Refuge contains an impressive variety of arctic wildlife. The rich variety of wildlife found within the Refuge includes more than 160 bird species, 36 kinds of land mammals, 9 marine mammal species, and 36 types of fish. The reality is that opening the Arctic refuge to drilling will accomplish little except destroying one of the last pure preserves of its kind in the world. Another reason why it would be unwise to drill is because it is just not cost efficient. For the oil industry to invest, the Refuge must hold a lot of oil, and the oil must sell for a high enough price for long enough to recover costs and earn profits. We need to think of a solution that will affect us today and will alleviate our problems. In exchange for this short-term return, we would have to pay a very high long-term price, threatening one of the planet's most unique animal and plant habitats. Scientific analyses by the US Fish & Wildlife Service have concluded that drilling would severely harm the refuge's abundant populations of caribou, polar bears, musk oxen, and snow geese. Alaska Drillings :: essays papers Alaska Drillings Drilling for oil in Alaska’s Arctic Wildlife refuge will not solve our nation’s energy crisis, but it will destroy one of the worlds most unique animal habitats. The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge would satisfy only six months' worth of the nation's oil needs while oil drilling would "destroy" a wilderness that is home to the 150,000 animals of the Porcupine animal group. Our nations natural refuges should not be turned to destruction when a solution to a problem can be found else where. In addition to not being economically productive, drilling for oil will do nothing to help energy shortages experienced throughout the United States, while still destroying one of the only habitats of its kind in the world. Despite common thought, the Alaskan refuge is not a snow covered desert. It is important to what exactly would be destroyed if the United States decides to drill for oil. The Arctic Refuge is among the most complete and undisturbed ecosystems on earth. The Arctic Refuge contains an impressive variety of arctic wildlife. The rich variety of wildlife found within the Refuge includes more than 160 bird species, 36 kinds of land mammals, 9 marine mammal species, and 36 types of fish. The reality is that opening the Arctic refuge to drilling will accomplish little except destroying one of the last pure preserves of its kind in the world. Another reason why it would be unwise to drill is because it is just not cost efficient. For the oil industry to invest, the Refuge must hold a lot of oil, and the oil must sell for a high enough price for long enough to recover costs and earn profits. We need to think of a solution that will affect us today and will alleviate our problems. In exchange for this short-term return, we would have to pay a very high long-term price, threatening one of the planet's most unique animal and plant habitats. Scientific analyses by the US Fish & Wildlife Service have concluded that drilling would severely harm the refuge's abundant populations of caribou, polar bears, musk oxen, and snow geese.

John Dalton :: essays research papers

John Dalton   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  John Dalton was a great help to modern day chemistry. He was born in 1766 in the small town of Eaglesfield, Cumbria, NW England in the UK. He was a chemist that stated an atomic theory of matter, which is now the theory of modern day chemistry. Besides his theories, he published the first major book of the studies of color blindness; which affected him. The book was published in 1794.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  He first stated his theory in 1803: that each chemical element is composed of its own kind of atoms, all with about the same weight. His theory explained why one substance with a curtain amount of mass joins with another substance with the same amount of mass, which forms compounds; this doesn't alway take place. His law also concluded that two solids can not occupy the same space at the same time, although he concluded that a liquid, and a gas can occupy the same space at the same time. His law was the first useful atomic theory of matter.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another theory he had stated that total pressure let out by a mixture of gasses is the total of the pressures of all individual gasses in the mixture: in other words, he concluded evaporated water exists in air as an independent gas.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dalton tried his expiriments many times to make sure that his theory was right. To be exact Dalton tried his expiriments about 200,000 times! Dalton also developed a hypothesis that the sizes of the particles making up different gases must be different.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Daltons talent for recognizing patterns for his expirements data led him from his problem in meteorology. The idea of atoms being fundimental constituents of matter made him realize the importance of the theoretical connection between atomic weights and weight relations. In a easier way of saying this: Dalton was great at recognizing patterns in is work. His idea of atoms being fundimental parts of matter made him realize the importance of the theoretical connection between atomic weights and weight relations. Dalton was the first person to associate the old idea of atoms with stoichiometry.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Daltons atomic theory is based on four ideas:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1. All matter is made up of tiny particles, (A theory said by Newton in the 1680s.

Photo Manipulation Essay

Image manipulation is everywhere on are daily life. It is a type of digital art. It is a unique way to describe editing photos and adding filters and special effects to photographs in order to make an illusion or define through digital means. Photo manipulation has been commonly used to deceive or convince viewers. It can be simply a photo which colors have been converted, or a photo that has been painted over, usually they use photoshop, but there are other softwares what can we use for manipulating images, image manipulation is an art as well. Photo manipulation is done for a number of purposes. More infamously, it is for political or sensational purposes. However, photo manipulation is also an art form in its own right (www. brightclub. com). The photographs have been manipulated in darkrooms for decade. Before computers, photo manipulation was achieved by retouching with ink, paint, double exposure, piecing photos or negatives together in the darkroom, or scratching Polaroids. Airbrushes were also used, whence the term â€Å"airbrushing† for manipulation. The first recorded case of photo manipulation was in the early 1860s, when a photo of Abraham was altered using the body from a portrait of John C. Calhoun. The 1980s saw the advent of digital retouching with Quantel computers running Paintbox, and Scitex imaging workstations being used professionally Silicon Graphics computers running Barco Creator became available in the late 1980s which, alongside other contemporary packages, were effectively replaced in the market by Adobe Photoshop (wikipedia).

Marketing assignment Essay

1.1 Ryanair are pioneers of low cost airlines in Europe operating more than 1600 daily flights from 57 bases across 1600 low far routes connecting 180 destinations in 29 countries. They recently announced that they have ordered 175 new Boeing craft. 1.2 In order for Ryanair to keep the costs to a minimum, their airline uses small, regional airports only to reduce operational costs and operates as a point-t-point airline carrier, thus when other airlines avoiding the cost associated with a hub-and-spoke service. 1.3 Ryanair advertises it’s self as a â€Å"The low fare airline† and has a price promise under which it will pay double the difference if a customer finds the same flight cheaper elsewhere. 1.4 They pay as little as possible for their aircraft. They get big discounts on aircraft because they buy them when other airlines want them. 1.5 They spend as little as possible on advertising. They do not employ advertising agencies; instead all of their advertising is done in-house. 1.6 They don’t use travel agencies, so they don’t pay commissions. Ryanair uses direct marketing to recruit and retain customers and to extend products and services to them and this reduce cost. You book online or on the internet. This saves 15% on agency fees. Question 2 Kulula and Mango are South Africa’s low cost airlines. These airlines have in some areas imitated the Ryanair business model. 2.1 Kulula uses Lanseria Airport as an alternative to OR Tambo airport which can be attributed to reduction operational costs. Ryanair makes use of smaller airports instead of the large busy airports to reduce costs and reduce the time between flights. 2.2 The low cost airlines in South Africa, such as Kulula and Mango also upsell products such as car hires, travel packs and hotel accommodation. This is similar to the business model of Ryanair. 2.3 The low cost airlines in South Africa also reduce their costs by not including food on the fare; you can buy your food if you want. 2.4 To make bookings simpler the customers of Kulula and Mango can also book and buy flight tickets at Shoprite/Checkers for there’s is no commission paid to travel agencies. The internet online process also exists for self-service of making bookings. Question 3 The marketing environment consists of Micro and Macro environment. According to Kotler and Armstrong (2012;90) Micro environment consists of the actors close to the company that affect its ability to serve its customers such as the company its self, its suppliers, its marketing partners, customers and the general public. The macro environment is said to consist of the larger societal forces that affect the macro environment such as political, economic, social, technological, natural environment, and legal framework (Kotler & Armstrong, 2012) 3.1 The Micro environment 3.1.1 Company Ryanair’s mission is to keep their customers happy by offering a simple service and that involves maintaining low-cost fares, such as offering no meal options or extended service elements such as beverage consumption, thus keeping labour-related costs low and inviting the more humble or thrifty consumer to enjoy travel to regional destinations without the worry of excessive airline expense. 3.1.2 Suppliers Suppliers are very important to the company and they are the determining factor for Ryanair to keep customer value. In a running an airline Ryanair require a lot of fuel but they are unable to influence their suppliers since the price of fuel is controlled by external bodies such as OPEC(Ryanair Annual Report, 2004). 3.1.3 Competitors The increasing number of competition with carriers offering lower-cost fares is impacting the consumer mentality regarding which carrier to choose when travelling within European destinations. 3.1.4 Marketing Partners Ryanair does not use advertising agencies instead all their advertising is done in-house by doing so they are cutting cost and making sure that they maintain low cost strategy. They simple use adverts that tell passengers that Ryanair has low fares. 3.2 Macro environment 3.2.1 Political The external political environment is one of significant advantage to Ryanair, as the majority of its operations are contained within Europe. It is relatively common knowledge that this region maintains political stability, thus Ryanair does not experience issues with governmental instability in Europe as a concern regarding passenger volumes or flight destinations. 3.2.2 Technological The technological environment does not appear to significantly impact the firm in a negative capacity as the firm. Additionally, supply chain software programs and other integrated software applications are available to assist Ryanair in streamlining labour functions and improve internal organisational efficiency. 3.2.3 Economical Economical factors in the Euro region such as the Greece debt issues, increased unemployment in Spain and other countries have a negative impact in the number of customers for air travel like Ryanair. Question 4 Low cost airline offer a no-frill service, they sell the cheapest tickets you can buy. Unlike branded airlines that argue that passengers are willing to more for a better level of service. These are the reason I would not use low cost airlines such as Ryanair. 4.1 Customer Service Ryanair offers poor customer service such as when your bag is broken into no compensation is provided. It is also reported that their staff is unfriendly and rude. Ryanair also do not make provisions for fragile items that you wish to carry on the aircraft with you. Musical instruments and sporting equipment can be taken but at a fee. 4.2 Value added services There is no complementary food and what is offered is expensive and unhealthy. 4.3 Misleading pricing The policy of 70% sets sold at lowest fares and 30% at higher fares can be misleading. This means that you may not always be paying the lowest price for the fares. 4.4 Convenience Ryanair does not offer convenience as you cannot chose seat. You also cannot change flights. Their plains are old and offer low comfort. They use secondary airports which tend to be smaller regional airports. Question 5 Ryanair’s objective is to firmly establish itself as Europe’s leading low-fares scheduled passenger airline through continued improvements and expanded offerings of its low-fares service. Ryanair aims to offer low fares that generate increased passenger traffic while maintaining a continuous focus on cost-containment and operating efficiencies 5.2 Understanding customer needs and wants 5.2 Design a customer driven marketing strategy 5.3 Construct an integrated marketing program that delivers superior value 5.4 Build profitable relationships and create customer delight Question 6 6.1 Product or Service Low cost, no frills air travel to Europian destinations. There is no free food or drink on-board. Food and drink are income streams. You buy on-board, or you do take your own food and drink if you like. 6.2 Price Ryanair has low fares. 70% of seats are sold at the lowest two fares. 24% of seats are charged at higher fares. The last 6% are sold at the highest fare. 6.3 Place Ryanair does not use travel agents so it does not pay agency commissions. It uses direct marketing techniques to recruit and retain customers, and to extend products and services to them (i.e. Customer Relationship Management). This reduces costs. You book online over the Internet. This saves them 15% on agency fees. They are based in Stansted in Essex – which is known as a secondary airport. It is new and accessible. It is cheaper to fly from Stansted than either Heathrow or Gatwick, and since it is less busy Ryanair can turn aircraft around more quickly. 6.4 Promotion They spend as little as possible on advertising They do not employ an advertising agency. Instead all of the advertising is done in-house. In fact O’Leary himself oversees much of the promotion of Ryanair. They use simple adverts that tell passengers that Ryanair has low fares. Ryanair employs controversy to promote its business. For example in 2009, the company reasoned that passengers would be charged  £1 to use the toilets on board. O’Leary reasoned that passengers could use the terminals at either the destination or arrival airport. This would speed things up. It was reasoned that this is what passengers wanted – since they did not want other passengers leaving their seats and walking the aisles to go to the toilet. O’Leary also argued that larger passengers should be charged more since they took up more room – again it was reasoned that this is what the majority of passengers wanted. 6.5 People Pilots are recruited when they are young as pilot cadets. They work hard and take early promotions and then move on after 10-years or so to further their careers. Cabin crew pay for their uniforms to be cleaned. They invest in their own training. They are mainly responsible for passenger safety as well as ancillary revenues onboard 6.6 Physical Evidence They pay as little as possible for their aircraft. Planes are the most expensive asset that an airline can make. They get big discounts on aircraft because they buy them when other airlines don’t want them, for example after September 11th, or on the invasion of Iraq and Afghanistan. Aircraft manufacturers cannot simply stop a supply chain in minutes. If orders are being cancelled or delayed, this is when to buy. It was rumored within the industry that Ryanair was buying Boeing 737s – list price around  £40,000,000 (forty million pounds) – with up to a 50% discount. 6.7 Process There is no check in. You simply show your passport and supply your reference number. You cannot select a preferred seat. It is first come, first served. This aids speed. There are no air bridges (the tunnel that connects to the side of the aircraft when to board it). You walk or are bused to the aircraft. Baggage is deposited directly onto the terminal – it’s quick. However if your bag is broken don’t expect high levels of customer service. Question 7 7.1 Cultural factors Ryanair has addressed a global cultural need for leisure travel by making their prices extremely low and the easy availability of tickets operating between two points. One of the factors that influence consumer behavior is social class such as people’s income. Ryanair get most of their business from lower income group. 7.2. Social factors One the factors that influence consumer factors is the social factors such as consumers small groups family and social roles. According to the case study Ryanair make use of buzz marketing by their controversial promotions. This influences people opinions about their services as it gets people to discuss the controversial promotions. 7.3 Personal factors Personal factors are influenced by personal characteristics such as customer’s age and life cycle stage, occupation, economic situation, life style and personality and self-concept. The people that would be influenced into buying Ryanair’s would need to have an easy going personality and not be concerned much about the service of the airline since many of the luxuries are removed from the service. 7.4 Psychological factors A person’s buying choices are further influence by four psychological factors motivation, perception, learning and beliefs and attitudes. Customers that would be influences to use Ryanair are customers that believe that are getting value for money through the low cost pricing. Question 8 Consumer market consists of individuals and households that buy goods and services for their personal consumption. These would normally be consumer goods such as soft drinks, cosmetics, travel and household goods. Ryanair’s consumer market is the individuals in the European region that use air travel as a form of transportation. Question 9 Below is an example of Ansoff’s Matrix which shows growth strategies that organisations can use to expand their operation followed by the explanations for each growth strategy (Riley, 2012). Figure 1 Ansoff’s matrix. Sourced from Riley (2012) 9.1 Market penetration Market penetration is when the company expands in the same market using the same products. For Ryanair, market penetration would involve increasing the number of flights in the same routes. This way they are in the same markets and using the same service. 9.2 Market Development Market development requires the companies to enter new markets while using the same products. For Ryanair, this would require the company to go to new markets such as Africa, Asia or America using the same low cost air travel service. 9.3. Product Development Product development means that in order to expand the company must introduce new products or services in the existing market. For company like Ryanair, product development would mean that they introduce new service such as business class or first class into the existing market. 9.4 Diversification Diversification is when the company seeks to enter into new markets with new products. For Ryanair diversification could mean that the company introduces new services such as leisure sea cruising. This would also mean that the company moves into a new market since leisure sea cruising would require different destinations and customer base. References Riley, J. 2012. Ansoff Matrix. [online]. Available at: http://www.tutor2u.net/business/strategy/ansoff_matrix.htm [Accessed on 02 September 2013]. Kotler, P. and Armstong, G. 2012. Principles of marketing. 14th edition. Essex: Pearson.

How to encourage employees accepting the change? Essay

Change can be a good thing for both the company and its employees; however, sometimes it can be very difficult for the employees to accept the sudden change in their daily routine for many different reasons. As a supervisor, my job is to reduce that resistance by choosing the right way introducing the change; explaining why it is necessary to take such a move, and how can it beneficial. Make them understand the reasons for this change and get them involved into discussions; let them share their ideas, ask for suggestions, what is that their looking for in their workplace, encourage innovation, and excite them about the new routine. Most of the employees are more likely resisting change because of the fear of the unknown; increased workload for example, or different new staff to work with, so basically they don’t want to start all over from zero. Due to that fact, MLC has thought of new ideas to reduce its employees’ stress over the increased work. Consequently, it has signed a contract with 10 different international restaurants to visit the new branch in Isa town every week; therefore, employees will enjoy the variety of food offered weekly. Also, it can be a great way for the old employees to break the ice and bond their relationship with the new employees’ during their lunch break in the company. Moreover, moving from Manama to Isa town can cause some employees’ further way to travel. Hence, MLC has provided its employees’ an advanced parking area, which uses the system of an automatic car parking. Therefore, employees’ won’t waste time and effort looking for a car park. Additional to that, MLC now owns private, modern, new busses offering its employees free bus transportations, especially for those who don’t own a private car, take taxies to work, or any other employee who would take advantage of this new facility. So, bus drivers will be clued-up with a list of names of registered employees with their contact number and home addresses to pick them up from their home to work.

Establish the genre and themes of the film Essay

How does the opening sequence of â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† try to capture audience interest and establish the genre and themes of the film? â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† has a very effective opening sequence, the first four minutes set the story of the movie, giving you an idea of what’s to come. â€Å"Romeo & Juliet† is believed to have been written around 1595 by William Shakespeare. The story is about a pair of star-crossed lovers. Two teenagers pursue their love for each other despite the fact that their families have been at odds with each other for decades. It is directed by Baz Lurhman who immediately captures the audience’s attention whilst establishing the film’s genre and themes using different methods. Baz Lurhman uses lighting and colour to capture the audience’s interest. â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† starts with a black background and a Television coming closer to the camera with a newsreader. The black focuses the audience’s attention onto the newsreader and what she’s saying. Colour symbolism plays a key part in this film and is already demonstrated by the newsreader. The reporter wears red perhaps signaling love, danger and passion. Behind the newsreader is a sky blue screen, giving a feeling of coldness. Also Capulet and Montague are associated with red and blue. Colour symbolism is also demonstrated a lot in the opening sequence with grey, white, black, blue and red being the most common colours used. The colours grey, white and black are used in the clips of the newspapers with the black and white perhaps used as a contrast showing good versus evil or opposing sides. The grey can be interpreted as the families merging as white mixing with black makes grey or showing that the battles between the families isn’t as straight forward as it may seem. Another frequently used colour is red, the cross between Romeo and Juliet’s name is red maybe indicating that there is blood shed, tragedy and passion between them. Romeo and Juliet’s names are white on a dark background, which in a way could be emphasizing their innocence in a dark corrupting world. The different family names (Capulet and Montague) are coloured as red and blue. Different lighting techniques are used alternate between day and nighttime adding dramatic effects to the beginning, in the daylight the consequences of the feud can be seen e. g. people fighting, with guns etc. Strobe lighting is used to create the effects of police lights on the family’s faces of Romeo and Juliet, which is extremely effective and realistic reflecting modern day life. The next tactic used by Baz Lurhman to attract the audience’s attention is sound. The sounds helps set the atmosphere especially the music which keeps up with the images displayed on screen, the more dramatic the shots the more dramatic the music. For example when violent pictures are being shown the music becomes louder and faster. The music is exceptionally effective as the change of pace/dynamics in the music engages the audience’s attention. The sounds used are both diagetic and non-diagetic, the voiceover and music is diagetic and the helicopter, newsreader are non-diagetic which adds to the realism of the opening sequence. The voiceover featured in â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† is very realistic, serious and atmospheric. The man reads out a phrase from â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† summing up the story of the film, the extract is portrayed in three ways in the form of dialogue and writing. The repetition of the prologue may be for emphasis, the director would have seen this as an important extract for the audience so portrayed it in different ways as, different things appeal to different people. Another important part of sound is when the imagery of the guns are shown a choir boy sings a high note which could be interpreted as a scream, perhaps subtlety implying the hurt that has been caused by the feud. In the opening scene Baz Lurhman sets a lot of narrative clues and themes by showing different clips. A theme of violence is apparent with a lot of imagery of guns and police. In a way Baz Lurhman may have been trying to reflect modern day American society with guns being a common object on the streets as the film is also set in modern day New York. Another clear theme is religion; the film is Christian based (catholic), this is apparent by the statues of Mary and Jesus placed between the two families, the cross between the name’s of Romeo and Juliet as well as the person shown in the clips wearing a veil. It is noticeable that there is rivalry between the two families, both businesses on the opposite sides of the street and that there is a war/conflict going on not just involving the family indicating that both families have power and authority as they have influenced people to take their sides. Editing is an essential part of the opening sequence to attract the audience’s attention. The director Baz Lurhman edits the opening shots of the movie so the audience are introduced to the plot and characters (apart from Romeo and Juliet) before the film even begins. Jump shots are used at a very fast pace to reflect the speed of events in the play. There are variable scene lengths used to focus the audiences attention e. g. some scenes are long like when introducing characters compared to the shorter scenes when fast clips are shown of violence. Shots are interchanged very quickly e. g. shots of the statues which are then relegated to the background in a way the director is setting themes in context for the audience. Scenes of pure text and visuals are also used to reinforce messages through different perspectives e. g. dialogue, newspaper or action etc. as different people take in information in different ways. In a way it is the directors way of getting people to keep up with what is happening in the film. Baz Lurhman also uses mis-en-scene to help capture the audience’s attention and establish genres and themes of the film. Shots are often straight and centered to emphasise things clearly e. g. the statue of Jesus in closed into but is shown dwarfed by skyscrapers maybe showing a theme of religion versus business. This is a trend throughout the opening scene helping to classify major themes in the film such as police versus crime and Capulets versus Montagues. The use of news and media in the starting scene highlights how big a scale the feud has. The news and media are used to set the scene and to tell the audience what has happened so far in the film. Newspaper headlines are thrown into view of the camera with text from the original play, this may interest people in different ways gaining attention from them. Another tactic used with the media to gain the audience’s attention is right at the start of the film. The newsreader’s voice begins minimalist and muted but getting louder to focus the audience on language. Whenever text is used in the beginning it is always put in it’s own frame to emphasise importance. Frames of later scenes in the film, which are violent and disturbing, are juxtaposed with shots of e. g. a choirboy in a church singing maybe signifying that innocence is evil, corruption and danger. The majority of shots are filmed at night perhaps Baz Lurhman was being symbolic emphasizing darkness. Fireworks are also caught in one frame symbolizing passion, fury and anger in the plot. When the director is introducing the characters, there is one freeze frame for each character all in time with the music to focus the audience’s attention. Introducing each of the characters and unwinding their lives in the opening scene is helpful to gain the audience’s attention and to keep them interested. The audience is given clues to the current family situation e. g. the skyscrapers at opposite ends of the street with the family names written on them- â€Å"Capulet and Montague† hinting at opposing sides. Also when the voice over is talking about â€Å"two foes† the images of the parents come across the screen. It is shown in the newspapers that the two families are the centre of media attention, leading the audience to understand what extraordinary and special lives they must live. It is also interesting the way Romeo and Juliet are portrayed in the newspaper picture, it is the only real time that you see them properly in the opening scene and they are shown as children. This may be a tactic used by Baz Lurhman to emphasise to the audience how innocent and victimized Romeo and Juliet both are. The only other real time you see Romeo in the opening scene is him hiding and shying away from the outside world, again emphasizing him as a victim of his families feud. The parents of Romeo and Juliet when introduced, all seem to be in the middle of the action yet not included perhaps indicating that the feud has got so out of hand not even the Capulets or Montagues can control the situation. When all the characters are introduced they all seem very solemn and not portraying any emotion. But this isn’t the case for Dave Paris. When he is introduced he is happy, well dressed and purposely made different by Baz Lurhman to make him stand out to look like the hero of the film. Mercutio is also made different when introduced, he is a different race from everyone else indicating his uniqueness as he is showing true emotion at the same time. He is shown on a dry, isolated landscape demonstrating his distant from the involvement of the feud taking place in the city. Another key character in the introduction is the police officer; he is shown involved in the middle of the action, but is wearing a uniform signifying authority and discipline. There is also colour symbolism involved in the characters, Romeo’s mother has red hair, which may be an indication of her personality as people with red hair are said to be more passionate and quick tempered. This is also the case with clothing, the father’s of Romeo and Juliet show no emotion and are dressed normally, but with the mother’s of Romeo and Juliet although they show no emotion on their face but it is portrayed through their clothing. The mother’s clothing tends to be more flamboyant and colourful indicating to the audience distress. Baz Lurhman effectively captures the audience’s attention throughout the opening scene using all these different methods. At one point in the opening scene you are shown an aerial view of the city and I feel that this is an essential scene. After the aerial view of the city is shown a violent, busy, intimidating clip of modern street life within the city is shown demonstrating that the city is complex and dangerous. Even though â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† is four hundred years old, it still relates to modern society.

Housing segregation by gentrification in US Research Paper

Housing segregation by gentrification in US - Research Paper Example d the gentrification displaced low-income residents and forced them into even worse housing thus, reversing white-flight while having no impact at all, or an even further negative impact on segregated neighborhoods. However, recent research has indicated that this simple explanation of the impacts of gentrification on segregation is inadequate and the impacts of gentrification on segregation are actually more varied. The term segregation, in terms of housing, refers to residential enclaves that are defined by ethnicity and possibly some other socio-economic indicators. Hyper-segregated neighborhoods are residential areas that are defined by multiple indicators of segregation. Massey asserts that five key dimensions indicate residential segregation. The degree to which the percentage of minority members within a residential area diverges from the metropolitan average indicates segregation on the evenness scale. Lack of opportunities for potential contact with non-minority individuals indicates segregation on the exposure scale. The degree to which minority neighbourhoods are adjacent indicates clustering. The degree to which these areas are focused in the urban core indicates centralization while increasing population density indicates concentration. (Massey and Denton, 1993, p 373) Massey and Denton employ these five indicators--evenness, exposure, clustering, centralization and concentration--to measure segregation. They describe high scores in at least four of these categories as hyper-segregation or extreme, multidimensional segregation. They conclude that multidimensional hyper-segregation is evident in at least ten metropolitan areas and affects at least 30% of all urban blacks. Denton and Massey focus on residential segregation alone, they do not directly investigate its inks to economic factors. However, in conclusion, they state that "our results suggest that the extremity of black residential segregation and its unique multidimensional character may

National Emergency Communication Plan Research Paper

National Emergency Communication Plan - Research Paper Example Emergency communications is highly depended on by many agencies in United States (Safecom Program, Online). NECP was established by US department of Homeland Security’s Office of Emergency Communication. It was created due to lack of cooperation among the communication systems used by the nation’s first responders. Coordination in terms of passing information was crucial to enhance fire fighting, law enforcement, rescue, and other emergencies. Evidence of lack of proper coordination among systems was witnessed through the occurrence of attacks in the Pentagon, World Trade Centre in 2001 and Hurricane Katrina. NECP aims to provide up to date modes of communication to enhance response to emergency calls. The plan suggests reasonable goals for the federal, state, local, as well as tribal authorities to be achieved by 2013. It does not interfere with the distribution of funds by the Department of Homeland security (Department of Homeland Security, Online). NECP, being the first strategic plan, majorly aims to improve emergency response communications. It also works hand in hand with Homeland securities in its legislations. During the year 2010, it planned to achieve quick response emergency communication within one hour in high risk urban areas. In 2011, it aimed at achieving high level response emergency communication in low risk urban areas. By 2013, it aims to thrust all authorities to demonstrate response-level emergency communications within 3 hours in case of a major event a specified in nation’s planning scenarios (Walker 5). Land mobile radio and related public safety control systems have been put in place to ensure the quality and continuity of communications systems. Principles of chain and unity of command, unified command (for multi- agency incidents), and standardised span of control have also been put in place to clearly explain duties and responsibilities of responders. Shared laws and regulations have been structured to

Individual Project - Tanglewood Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Individual Project - Tanglewood - Essay Example In addition they become aware of the challenges that Tanglewood has gone through. In this way, they will have the ability to deal with any challenge that they may face during their duties. Tanglewood case indicates that there is inconsistency in terms of management between styles between the new stores and the original stores. Thus, the company should also employ the acquisition strategy that will ensure that the new stores start on the correct path without the resistance of the managers or resentment from the workers. The expansion strategies by Tanglewood require that it accumulates adequate funds without lowering the salaries of its employees. The company should therefore adopt techniques that will ensure that it does not use a lot of funds outside the company. Thus, it is imperative for the company to hire itself instead of outsourcing. The only part that the company should outsource is in the construction of the stores. This is based on the fact that if the company creates its own construction and engineering department, it would an expensive venture. This is due to the high costs of such a department in the form of high salaries, high costs of purchasing constructing machines as well as costs of computer programs used to come up with the architectural designs. By hiring itself in other areas, Tanglewood will ensure that it uses reduced financial resources that will generate significant revenue needed in undertaking other operations of the firm. In addition, by hiring its own resources, the c ompany will effectively deal with its own challenges since it is aware of their causes and the best person to deal with an emerging issue in the company. However, outsourcing has several advantages that include providing new ideas, new techniques of performing duties as well as new ways of solving management problem that the company can face. In his effort to hire qualified personnel, the vice-president for human resources should